bat creek stone translation

). The owner stated that he had cut trees maintain that Dated 2004, accessed In: Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin No. The inscribed stone was found in an undisturbed Hopewell burial mound along the Little Tennessee River near the mouth of Bat Creek. 131. Additionally, there are very few references to the stone in the professional archaeological literature. however, reflect on the Mound Survey's data-collecting East Lansing. 927 views, 44 likes, 17 loves, 11 comments, 58 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from ZADOK WATCH Ministry: "The Translation" with Dr. Arnold Murray,. Macoy, Robert, General History, Cyclopedia and Dictionary of Anthropologist 13(2) :79-123. Many of these are pertinent to the Bat Creek stone, but of particular importance is the degree of association between the dated material (in this case, the "polished wood" fragments) and the cultural event to be dated (in this case, the burial of an individual with which the inscribed stone was purportedly associated), as well as the age association between the dated material and the associated remains. The University of Tennessee excavators didn't investigate Mound 2 or Mound 3, both of which no longer existed. I own no rights to this excerpt.Murray's Original Bat Creek Video:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FWT0x232euwShepherd's Chapel:http://www.shepherdschapel.com/Music:www.audionautix.comSound FX:www.freesfx.co.uk/Horse Image:www.copyright-free-photos.org.uk Kirk, Lowell, 6, respectively, of some era. His excuse for this is that he says that science has got it wrong with their decipherment of Egyptian Hieroglyphs. Moreover, detailed compositional analyses of metal artifacts are not routine even in recent studies. and 9 burials, was "of small size, measuring but 28 feet Thomas, Cyrus and W.J. 30. Unlike the Davenport frauds and the Kennsington runestone, the Bat Creek stone generated little interest, and consequently there is no "paper trail" to follow. New York Graphic Society, Greenwich. iv: Of all the characters on the Bat Creek stone this sign bears the most striking resemblance to Paleo-Hebrew script ("yod") circa 100 B.C.-A.D. 100 (but not the second century of the Christian era). words are separated. Importantly, no documentation regarding the production and use of comparable artifacts by first or second century A.D. Mediterranean peoples has been presented by McCulloch (1988), Mahan (1983), or other cult archaeology writers. From the epigraphic standpoint, there is no clear cut reason to conclude that the Bat Creek Stone is a fraud or that it proves an Israelite origin for the . Gordon demonstrates their incompetence to [1][6] However, this initial identification as Cherokee was later proven to be flawed. 1905 Prehistoric North America (published as Volume 14 of The History of North America). Thomas, Cyrus, "Mound Explorations," in Twelfth Annual Report 1964 Vinland Ruins Prove Vikings Found the New World. Mainfort and Kwas does show that in this alphabet, or what Welsh words they find there. Above the vault, an intrusive Historic burial containing 2 brass (probably silver plated) trade brooches, a metal button, and fragments of preserved buckskin were encountered. or "dh ' 7NESb" in Thomas's orientation. Harrington, M.R. [1][2] This is evident by the lack of the markings in the first photograph of the stone, published in the 18901891 annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology, and their appearance in photos after 1970. was obtained on fragments of preserved wood that were recovered during the removal of the burial with which the inscribed stone was allegedly associated (McCulloch 1988). Dexter's excellent photographs of the inscription [3] He asserted that the inscription "could be translated as some variation of 'For the Jews'". We believe that the "best recent work" alluded to by Thomas is his own final report on mound explorations (1894), and that the "articles whose history is fully known" is a reference to the alleged discovery of the Bat Creek stone. 2, article 65, 1976): 1-5. Robert Clarke, Cincinnati. photograph of a bulla (seal impression) that was recently excavated shells and large shell beads" was associated with one interment (Thomas 1894). 1891 Ancient Cemeteries in Tennessee. Application of Occam's Razor strongly suggests a relatively recent European origin for the bracelets from Bat Creek. he was in fact a brother of King Arthur II, and sailed in 562 A.D. 1968 Mound Builders of Ancient America: The Archaeology of a Myth. When viewed with the straighter edge on the bottom, seven characters are in a single row, with the eighth located below the main inscription. As to the specific signs on the Bat Creek stone, several are passable Cherokee, and the inspiration for the remainder could have been any number of published sources, including illustrations of the Grave Creek stone and the Davenport tablets. 1976 America B.C. However, the presence of the string John Emmert excavated Bat Creek Mound 3, doing so "alone and in isolation". Finally, if we focus exclusively on signs i through v, and accept Gordon's values, the text does not make sense as Paleo-Hebrew. In Thomas' defense, however, it is worth noting that some of the signs (ii, iii, and vii in the orientation illustrated by Thomas [1890, 1894], and i, 11, iii, and vii in the purported Paleo-Hebrew orientation) exhibit moderate to close resemblances with characters of the Cherokee syllabary. Unfortunately, Emmert had a drinking problem which "renders his work uncertain" (Thomas to Powell, 20 September 1888), and led to his dismissal. The authors particularly thank Frank Moore Cross, Hancock Professor of Hebrew and Other Oriental Languages at Harvard University, for providing us with his professional assessment of the signs on the Bat Creek stone. A.D. 5-18. [2] This excavation was part of a larger series of excavations that aimed to clarify the controversy regarding who is responsible for building the various mounds found in the Eastern United States. Williams, Stephen 1 (Jan./Feb. Fowke did not make this statement out of ignorance of the Bat Creek stone's existence, because not only had he extensively studied the lithic material recovered by the mound survey (Fowke 1896), but also mentioned the stone in one of his own publications (1902). Webb, W.S. 1970a A Canaanite Columbus? This range is consistent with Schroedl, Gerald F. Brain, Jeffrey P. Learn how and when to remove this template message, pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories, Pre-Columbian transatlantic contact theories, "The Bat Creek Stone Revisited: A Fraud Exposed", "Report of the Archaeopetrography Investigation", "The Bat Creek Inscription: Did Judean Refugees Escape to Tennessee? 14-16, and numerous Emmert, John W. I am having the bone and the wood found in the tomb dated by the Smithsonian Institution by the carbon-14 process; fortunately, these items were present with the stone, for stone cannot be dated this way; the material has to be organic for carbon-14. The Bat Creek stone. Nov./Dec. Finally, we have documented the fact that the Bat Creek stone was not accepted as a legitimate artifact by contemporary researchers and have provided strong indications that, after the initial publication of the object (Thomas 1890, 1894), both Cyrus Thomas and other staff members at the Smithsonian Institution came to doubt the authenticity of the stone. Bat Creek empties into the southwest bank of the Little Tennessee 12 miles (19km) upstream from the mouth of the river. text. 1969 Review of "Forgotten Scripts: The Story of Their Decipherment." Cole, John R. Context of the Find The latter is the Aramaic designation and appears only in Aramaic scripts. fact that during the Civil War, Emmert served in the Confederate Quartermaster Department, presumably as a result of his previous experience as a "store keeper" (John W. Emmert, Compiled Service Record, M268/346, National Archives). George Barrie and Sons, Philadelphia. the tell-tale string -YHW again, in the name of Yehucal's father, National Geographic 126(5) :708-734. Cultivating trust, producing knowledge: The management of archaeological labour and the making of a discipline. 1988). [14][1] Gordon concluded that Thomas had been viewing the inscription "upside down", and when re-read in its proper orientation, the inscription represented "ancient Hebrew". Whiteford (1952:207-225) summarizes some of these: "It is impossible to use the data presented by Thomas in the Twelfth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology with any conviction that they present a complete or even, in some cases, an accurate picture of the material which Emmert excavated in the Tennessee Area" (1952:217) "Mound No. Curiously, while urging readers to "seek out the views of qualified scholars" about the signs on the Bat Creek stone, McCulloch (1988), an amateur epigrapher, offers interpretations of three signs (vi, vii, and viii) that contradict the published assessments of one of the stone's most outspoken proponents (Cyrus Gordon, a published Near Eastern language specialist), implying that despite his own lack of expertise in Paleo-Hebrew, McCulloch considers his own opinion to be as valid as those of specialists in the field. "Only for Judea," The two vertical strokes above dictionary chart of Jewish War Even more telling is the fact that Cyrus Thomas himself did not discuss the Bat Creek stone in his later substantive publications (1898, 1903, 1905 [with WJ McGee]). America's Ancient Stone Relics , Academy Books, Robert C. Mainfort, Jr. and Mary L. Kwas, TA 1991(1), pp. In this respect, they appear to be similar to the heavier brass bracelets found with the "Tunica Treasure" (Brain 1979:193-194). The mound had some large sassafras trees standing on it when 1993, pp. be abandoned. 1890 Historic and Prehistoric Relics. Thanks to the late Warren W. Dexter, author with Donna Martin of excavated and whose context been carbon-dated to American Anthropologist 5:63-64. This ratio of copper to zinc is It cannot be yod (cf. In our discussion below, we refer to these signs as i through viii, from left to right; sign viii is located just below the main body of the inscription. typical of brasses formed by the cementation process, which was discovered during the last centuries B.C. In his Archaeological History of Ohio, Gerald Fowke (1902:458-459) cited the Bat Creek stone in the context of criticizing Cyrus Thomas for claiming a relatively recent age for various mounds, and Stephen Peet (1891:146) briefly mentioned the object. 14, No. Carried by Barnes and Noble bookstores. with an uptick at the end. Litigation and environmental concerns stalled the dam's completion until 1979, allowing extensive excavations at multiple sites throughout the valley. David and Charles, Newton Abbot. General History, Cyclopedia and Dictionary of Freemasonry (1870). Ventnor Publishers, Ventnor, N.J., 1972. that this affinity should have been recognized already in 1889 by More conclusive evidence regarding the stone's authenticity comes from two additional sources. Lambert, W.G. As we discuss below, the Bat Creek stone received scant attention from . 1994 BAR . uses a word divider. http://www.econ.ohio-state.edu/jhm/arch/AmerAntiq.pdf. Pp 181, This page was last edited on 15 March 2023, at 01:56. Stone, Lyle M. An inscribed stone reportedly excavated by the Smithsonian Institution from a burial mound in eastern Tennessee has been heralded by cult archaeologists as incontrovertible evidence of pre-Columbian Old World contracts. The Book of the Descendants of Doctor Benjamin Lee and Dorothy Gordon, Does Arnold Murray understand Hebrew? [1] In the report, Cyrus Thomas "claimed that the marks on the Bat Creek stone represented characters of the Cherokee syllabary and used the inscription to support his hypothesis that the Cherokee constructed many of the earthen mounds and enclosures in eastern North America". Accessed 12/29/05. The Bat Creek word also has the remnant of a sixth letter, Gilbert, William H., Jr. However, I see no obvious relation 1995, for permission to use have, in addition to a loop on the right, an arm to the left 1984 Ghanaian and Coptic Brass Lamps. sign iv) or he_ (cf. 12/29/05. Lake Telico at the mouth of Bat Creek. Setzler, Frank M. and Jessee D. Jennings 1-2), Gordon was quoted as saying that: "Various pieces of evidence point in the direction of migrations (to North America) from the Mediterranean in Roman times. 124-133. illustration. In the late 1960s and 1970s, the Tellico Archaeological Project, conducted by the University of Tennessee Department of Anthropology investigated over two dozen sites and uncovered evidence of substantial habitation in the valley during the Archaic (80001000 BC), Woodland (1000 BC 1000 AD), Mississippian (900-1600 AD), and Cherokee (c. 16001838) periods. Crown Publishers, Inc., New York. Swanton, John R. Crown Publishers, Inc., New York. [12] Neither the University of Tennessee's excavation of the Bat Creek Site nor any other excavations in the Little Tennessee Valley uncovered any evidence that would indicate Pre-Columbian contact with Old World civilizations.[13]. 79-123. Whiteford, Andrew H. [15] And Professor in Biblical Studies and Ancient Near Eastern Studies at Johns Hopkins University, Kyle McCarter expresses, "the Bat Creek stone has no place in the inventory of Hebrew inscriptions from the time of the First Jewish Revolt against Rome" and "belongs to the melodrama of American archaeology in the late 19th century". Arundale (1981) has offered a number of precautions relative to the interpretation of radiocarbon dates. Thomas did not excavate the mounds himself, but delegated field work to assistants. The fact that Thomas 1972 The Bat Creek Inscription. the first letter must be something different, and [1], In 1967, the Tennessee Valley Authority announced plans to build Tellico Dam at the mouth of the Little Tennessee River and asked the University of Tennessee Department of Anthropology to conduct salvage excavations in the Little Tennessee Valley. 2, in the Bat Creek Mound, and on the Blankenship Place.". 2013 Gregory . While it is true that Roman period brasses had a similar metallurgical content (cf. The Bat Creek Stone was professionally excavated in 1889 from an undisturbed burial mound in Eastern Tennessee by the Smithsonian's Mound Survey project. R. Stieglitz and Marshall McKusick, in the Gordon, pp. Considering his initial enthusiasm (Thomas 1890, 1894), to say nothing of the potential significance of the artifact - if authentic - to American archaeology, the conspicuous absence of the stone from his later publications suggests to us that Thomas later may have come to recognize the Bat Creek stone as a fraud. A pamphlet containing these articles is available [1] The two bracelets found in the Mound were initially identified by both Emmert and Thomas as "copper", but a 1970 Smithsonian analysis concluded the bracelets were in fact heavily leaded yellow brass. 1898 Introduction to the Study of North American Archaeology. "The Bat Creek Stone," a webpage of These signs have been identified by Gordon (1971, 1972, 1974; see Mahan [1971]) as Paleo-Hebrew letters of the period circa A.D. 100; McCulloch (1988) suggests the first century A.D. 1907 Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico.Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin No. You decide. Accessed string LYHW- in the word LYHWKL, or Hodges, New York, 1890. The fact that the Bat Creek stone is not cited in any of these works strongly hints that contemporary archaeologists and ethnologists did not regard the object as genuine (see, for example, Griffin et al_. Had the Bat Creek stone been regarded as an authentic artifact by contemporary researchers, there should be numerous references to the object. to maybe 100 A.D. In Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, Vol 3., edited by Michael B. Schiffer, pp. That Gordon's penchant for pre-Columbian contacts lies outside mainstream scholarly research is evident in the following: "No politically astute member of the establishment who prizes his professional reputation is likely to risk his good name for the sake of a truth that his peers (and therefore the public) may not be prepared to accept for fifty or a hundred years" (Gordon 1974:20). 391-4. Washington. Under the skull and mandible of Burial 1 "two copper bracelets, an engraved stone, a small drilled fossil, a copper bead, a bone implement, and some small pieces of polished wood soft and colored green by contact with the copper bracelets" were found. theophoric component of Hebrew names. now a TVA This conclusion is based on assessments by two Near Eastern language specialists, one of whom (Cyrus Gordon) considers some (but not all) of the signs to be Paleo-Hebrew. outside the expertise and interests of the readership." recreational area on the shore of The January/February 2006 A Review of Arnold Murray's Translation of the Bat Creek Stone IshMelamaid 18 subscribers Subscribe 33 Share 10K views 10 years ago Does Arnold Murray understand Hebrew? of the 19th century setting, as well as shade for picnickers. Gordon (1971, 1972) later identified sign viii as "aleph," but did not mention it in a subsequent discussion of the Bat Creek stone (Gordon 1974). Mainfort, Robert C., Jr. and Mary L. Kwas. Persian era, according to Gordon) is one such "Yahwist" name. In particular, it should be noted that subsequent to his employment with the Smithsonian Institution, Emmert (1891) published a brief article on an archaeological site in Tennessee in American Anthropologist. of the Norse settlement at L'anse Meadows (Ingstad 1964), no convincing evidence for such occurrences has ever been found or recognized by professional researchers. At the base of the mound "nine skeletons were found lying on the original surface of the ground, surrounded by dark colored earth." bookstore. [15][1] McCulloch mostly agreed with Gordon's assessment of the stone as Ancient Hebrew, and expressed, "My own conviction is that the Bat Creek inscription is a rustic, and therefore imperfect, specimen of paleo-Hebrew". It is safe therefore to base important conclusions only on monuments in reference to which there is no doubt, and on articles whose history, as regards the finding, is fully known, except where the type is well established from genuine antiquities. Peet, Stephen D. 30.Washington. Brass C-shaped wire bracelets are relatively common artifacts on eighteenth century historic sites in eastern North America, including Native American cemeteries (e.g., Stone 1974; Mainfort 1979; Brain 1979 lists a number of additional sites). In: Thirteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 1890-'91, pp. 1988a Fantastic Archaeology: Fakes and Rogue Professors. In 1988, wood fragments found with 1-19, This again suggests that Emmert was certainly not an ignorant man. and specifically www.rense.com/general28/weks.htm, dated 8/28/02. SATANIC MEDIA EXPOSED, Uvalde TX Shooting LIES! 14, No. Thames & Hudson, London, 1968. Bat Creek has an undeniable affinity to Paleo-Hebrew, and 1-documented from eighteenth century sites in North America. Ezekiel 44:15 "The Translation" with Dr. Arnold Murray, Shepherd's Chapel, a Special Documentary, in which Dr. Arnold takes us to Louden Co, TN, the Bat Creek Stone location, providing the only ACCURATE translation of this Ancient Paleo-Hebrew writing over 2000 years old right here in the great USA! [3] Thomas's efforts were crucial because of their ability to destabilize the myth of the Mound Builders by providing irrefutable evidence that Indigenous Americans are responsible for constructing the mounds. Much of the commentary below dealing with resemblances of signs to Paleo-Hebrew is quoted from his reply to our inquiry; the authors alone are responsible for all comments pertaining to Cherokee similarities, i: Although identified by Gordon (1971, 1972, 1974) as "daleth", this sign is impossible as Paleo-Hebrew in the period 100 B.C.-A.D. 100, based on shape and stance. a little like the second letter (Q) on Bat Creek, but in Washington. on the second Bat Creek letter, That Thomas identified the metal as copper is hardly surprising, considering that substantial numbers of native copper artifacts had been recovered from mounds throughout the eastern United States. somehow, tonight, i took a web surfing journey (trying to find some collaboration that arnold murray actually translated bat creek stone, and if so, if it was considered legitimate) and wound up on your site (Spirit leading? Published by the author, Columbus, Georgia. 1984 Review of "Forgotten Scripts: Their Ongoing Discovery and Decipherment." von Wuthenau, Alexander Shaw, Thurstan and Paul Craddock The Bat Creek Stone. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin No. "The Bat Creek Stone: Judeans in Tennessee?". Two of the most hotly contested issues in American archaeology during the nineteenth century were the existence of an American Paleolithic of comparable age to sites in Europe and hypothetical pre-Columbian contacts with the Old World (Willey and Sabloff 1974). 1979 Canaanites in America: a New Scripture in Stone? The space as in English or modern Hebrew. do have essentially the same form, but are in fact different: Twelfth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 1890-'91. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. or "Only for the Judeans" if the broken letter is included. However, the most telling difference between the Bat [8] The reasons are complicated for the popularity of this obfuscation of the facts of Native American societies, but it is clear that it reflects the sentiments of European settler colonialism. letters, esp. 47, Issue. [5] McCarter concluded, "It seems probable that we are dealing here not with a coincidental similarity but with a fraud". [16] It has subsequently been loaned to the Museum of the Cherokee Indian in Cherokee, N.C., where it has been on display since 2015. excavation was made there was an old rotten stump yet on Radiocarbon dating of the wood spools returned a date of 32-769 AD. conceivably be either an aleph or a waw, 1974 Riddles in History. would therefore provide an authentic invocation Masonic word ends with a second he, which makes it "for Yahweh" assumed that the words should be separated by a space, disguise his or her source.

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