conditions in which authoritarian states emerged

Stalin was obsessively focused on getting rid of enemies. Evaluate the treatment of religious groups and minorities in two authoritarian states, each chosen from a different region. And indeed, rising instability, aggression, racism, and fear triggered the eruption of the Second World War. 82 - How did Castro establish his government, and what challenges arose? Summarise Castro's rise to power in terms of: - conditions faced; mistakes + weaknesses of others, Compare and contrast the role of propaganda in the emergence of two authoritarian states, each from different regions. leader contribute to the rise to power of that leader. -unmarried men 35+ were taxed more Estonias foreign minister, Margus Tsahkna, said he was seeking to find out why China has such a position or comments about the Baltic states. They would call their empire the "Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere". They work together. Millions of veterans were crippled in body and in spirit. (2) How did Fidel Castro consolidate and maintain his power? Fascist squads racked up wins as they marched through the provinces crushing socialists, intimidating liberals, and deposing agents of the state. Vietnams leaders, for example, responded to the countrys first confirmed infections as early as January, imposing travel restrictions and quarantines with a speed that made it a textbook case of an effective response to the public health emergency. Behind the popular but simplistic notion that authoritarianism is rising globally lies the fact that the global wave of antigovernment protests over the past ten yearsan historic high in protests around the worldhas hit many nondemocratic regimes hard. "The conditions in which authoritarian states emerged were mainly determined by economic factors." Discuss with reference to two authoritarian states. 'Domestic policy rarely managed to achieve its aims', Discuss how far you agree with this statement with reference to two authoritarian states you have studied, both from different regions. But this challenge is especially difficult for governments that do not enjoy the legitimacy that comes from winning free and fair elections and that instead rely heavily on economic performance as their primary source of popular legitimacy. Some democratic leaders have displayed weakness and avoidance, tried to suppress contrary voices, failed to work effectively with local authorities, and refrained from implementing much-needed public health measures out of concern about their economic impact. (Nov 2006. How were German and Italian justifications for expansion similar? the authoritarian state with such a memorable moniker. -Political instability. The Path to Nazi Genocide, NARRATOR: These questions will help you get a better understanding of the concepts and arguments that are presented in the article. Discuss with reference to one authoritarian state. -Lateran Treaty: gov recognized papal sovereignty over vatican ( became independent state) POPE recognized italian state How was authoritarianism implemented in Italy? Now that youve skimmed the article, you should preview the questions you will be answering. -Massive public spending reduced unemployment. A fascist regime is a government that embraces extreme nationalism, violence, and action with the goal of internal cleansing and external expansion. Adolf Hitler. The Italian, German, Japanese, and Soviet authoritarian efforts in the 1920s and 1930s had their differences. According to . The purge created an environment of intense political terror. He served only a short jail sentence, and after the ban was lifted on his National Socialist Party, Hitler and his followers rejoined the battle in the streets and in the countryside. These uniforms consist of dark pants, black button up shirts, black hats, and white sashes that criss-cross over the boys bodies. It started with a string of violent clashes in the northern part of Italy beginning in 1920. 95-6. We are not satisfied.. Due to the forced signing of the treaty, there . In 1931, Japanese forces invaded Manchuria, in China. The ISW said while this tactic may be useful for maintaining authoritarian rule in the Kremlin, it is "disruptive" to efforts to command the military and results in "the return of formerly demoted . David has worked for two academic journals, Posted 2 years ago. Battle for Grain: Success (grow more cereal to cut back on foreign imports) And despite their differences, the fact that they all happened in a similar time period suggests that there was some global pattern making them all possible. (modern). Though this massacre was never acknowledged, some Japanese leaders privately justified it as necessary to "pacify" ("make peaceful") the Chinese population, whom they saw as members of an inferior nation. Last August, he sparked outrage by suggesting Taiwanese people would need to be re-educated following a Chinese takeover of the self-ruled island, while during the Covid pandemic he suggested France was abandoning old people in nursing homes. They reached out to the Nazis to help build a majority in Parliament. This had important consequences, because colonial policy in Ethiopia provided the basis for Italy's antisemitic race laws in 1938. Furthermore, Mussolini brought discipline to the party and aligned it more uniformly with the aims of the state. (May 2009), Compare and contrast the domestic policies of Hitler and Stalin up to the outbreak of the Second World War. The German banking system collapsed, and by 1930 unemployment skyrocketed to 22%. Adolf Hitler was not elected to office and he did not have to seize power. (May 07), It was personality and not circumstances that brought rulers of single-party states to power. To what extent do you agree with this statement? Yet this discouraging near-term political picture becomes less ominous, or at least less clear-cut, if one looks down the road. (Specimen), The aims and policies of single-party state rulers rarely followed their declared ideology. To what extent do you agree with this assertion? Hitler spoke to the SA, his army of storm troopers. In 1923, he was imprisoned for trying to overthrow the government. First and foremost is a penchant for feeble rather than decisive leadership. This topic focuses on exploring the conditions that facilitated the rise of authoritarian states in the 20th century, as well as the methods used by parties and leaders to take and maintain power. They believed victory on the battlefield abroad would bring back the glory of ancient Rome and show the world Italy was a real player in the "game of empire." Use of legal methods; use of force; charismatic leadership; dissemination of . Causes and effects of war: Chinese Civil War, H/L The People's Republic of China 1949-2005, http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2016-03-09/guest-post-message-voting-cattle?page=1, http://paxonbothhouses.blogspot.jp/2014/10/hitler-i-am-acting-as-agent-of-our.html, Cambridge paper - re.opposition to Nazism, http://www.casahistoria.net/ibrevision.htm, In 1943, hundreds of German women saved their Jewish husbands from deathcamps, Propaganda in Authoritarian States - Trump's laughter and clapping instigators, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpHRvuVvrDU, https://medium.com/@laurennreiff/how-do-you-think-nazism-happened-4662332b6c4b, www.youtube.com/watch?v=b1Zxy3Z2i34&has_verified=1, https://www.ted.com/talks/sviatlana_tsikhanouskaya_how_to_be_fearless_in_the_face_of_authoritarianism?utm_source=newsletter_daily&utm_campaign=daily&utm_medium=email&utm_content=button__2020-11-12#t-24, "Final Account" taken from The Guardian 12/03/2021. What followed soon after were two devastating wars. All rights reserved. This created famine conditions. -Tried to limit Hitler's powers as chancellor in 1932. You should include the following ideas from the unit content of Paper 2 Topic Authoritarian States: Emergence of the State. Totalitarianism, authoritarianism, and fascism are all forms of government characterized by a strong central rule that attempts to control and direct all aspects of individual life through coercion and repression. The independent sovereign nations that emerged after the fall of the former Soviet Union dont have effective status under international law because there is not an international agreement confirming their status as sovereign nations, he said. What did this demonstrate about. Such movements were a common feature of interwar fascism. By censuring Li instead of acting on his alerts, local authorities may have facilitated the coronaviruss unchecked spread; consequently, Lis death from the virus in early February sparked an outpouring of anger and grief on Chinese social media. Finally, the outcome of the campaign affirmed the Fascist view that, at the end of the day, violent struggle led to power. How consistent was this with Castro's overall vision for Cuban society? (Nov 06), To what extent was the rise to power of either Hitler or Mao due to personal appeal and ability? economic factors'. Washington, DC 20036-2103. David Wong was a 20192020 James C. Gaither Junior Fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and is currently working on a digital start-up. Sexual norms were in flux. (May 2009. Tsahkna added: I hope that there will be an explanation. Still, Fascism in Italy was not without racism. Course: World History Project - 1750 to the Present, World History Project - 1750 to the Present. Beijing has insisted it respects the status of the independent nations that emerged from the USSR after totally unacceptable remarks by Chinas ambassador to France questioning the sovereignty of former Soviet states sparked outrage in EU capitals. 2016. Examine the impact of the foreign policy of two authoritarian states on the maintenance of power in those states. 2. How successful was it? The post illustrates what we call organic online politics, or forms of digital mobilization that grow from specific rural conditions, material concerns, and repertoires of resistance.In advancing this concept, we argue that online politics are shaped not only by authoritarian repression and national political trajectories, but also by rural communities and their histories. 94 - How Communist was Castro? Use tab to navigate through the menu items. 83-84 - Why did Castro try to consolidate the revolution by banning free elections and how is this regarded? Troops left the bloody battlefields and returned to a bewildering society. In some ways, their actions were like experiments, pushing the boundaries of authoritarian rule to see what they could get away with. In other words, the lack of a reasonably level playing field notwithstanding, elections are still competitivealbeit unfair. The Fascists soon followed up with assaults throughout the region. The Fascists saw that the liberal state was weak and vulnerable to challenge. (May 08 TZ2), Analyse the rise to power of either Hitler or Lenin. The Fascist party wanted to crush the existing 'liberal' rulers, but Mussolini allowed many officials to continue working for the state. There, tensions over pay and work conditions had put landowning farmers in conflict with Socialist-backed workers. Consolidation and maintenance of power. The author argues that Italian Fascism never gained the level of totalitarian control the Nazis had in Germany. Of course, some authoritarian or authoritarian-leaning governments have mounted relatively effective responses to the virus: in this respect, countries like Bahrain, Singapore, the United Arab Emirates, and Vietnam come to mind. They were confident they could control Hitler. Although Chinese citizens mobilized to respond to the pandemic by using social media to procure scarce protective gear or find open hospital beds, the Chinese Communist Partys long-standing distrust of civil society has hindered potential collaboration between government officials and volunteers. 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW Beginning in 1925, Mussolini tried to strengthen the party and expand its reach. These tactics worked at a time when communists felt threatened by both fascists and capitalist democracies in Europe. Discuss with reference to two authoritarian states. - How did Cuba survive this economic crisis according to Balfour? This is not war, one wounded soldier wrote home. Lu has previously acknowledged being part of the wolf warrior class of Chinese diplomats, a nickname given to envoys who respond vehemently to critics they perceive as hostile to China. Middle class savings were wiped out as severe inflation left the currency worthless. Advances in the technology of killing included the use of poison gas. 100. - abortion and divorce were illegal, -Racism appeared a bit in Romanita movement: 'prestigious race' needed to create and maintain empire Josef Stalin ruled the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953. By the early twentieth century, events in one place could have widespread political, economic, and cultural consequences. In a complex, changing, and increasingly contested world, the Carnegie Endowment generates strategic ideas and independent analysis, supports diplomacy, and trains the next generation of international scholar-practitioners to help countries and institutions take on the most difficult global problems and safeguard peace. 90-92 - How did Castro deal with the continuing US attempts to oust him? The Italian foreign minister, Antonio Tajani, said he also disagreed with Lus comments. NARRATOR: Today, authoritarian regimes comprise only one-fifth of all states in the world (Marshall & Cole 2011, p. 10). (May 2007, 2005), Analyse the methods used to maintain power by either Pern or Stalin. In recent months, countries such as Algeria, Azerbaijan, Cambodia, Russia, Thailand, and Uzbekistan have passed so-called fake news laws related to the pandemic that criminalize criticisms of their governments responses to the public health emergency or even reporting of pandemic conditions that does not match the governments preferred narratives. Weimar Republic: -Unpopular economic policies. Standards of behavior were changing. Why were some Italian Fascists unhappy with Mussolinis early years in power? Read and make notes on: (red - conditions; weaknesses of others;black - methods, tactics used by Castro), 63-4 - 1940s Batista's Cuba + Autentico Presidencies. Beijing says it respects status of countries such as Ukraine after ambassadors comments spark row. He also supported the brutal suppression of anti-colonial resistance in Libya. Unsurprisingly, the economic conditions in a nation have long played an integral role in the emergence of authoritarian states, with such an idea perfectly illustrated through the establishment of Benito Mussolini's fascist authoritarian state . (Nov 09), Unpopular rulers or governments, and their overthrow, were responsible for the formation of the majority of twentieth century single-party states. To what extent do you agree with this assertion? A good government without propaganda is not more possible than good propaganda without a good government. By 1938, the Nazis were physically expelling some Jews and debating massive resettlement plans. The skim should be very quick and give you the gist (general idea) of what the article is about. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. (Bay of Pigs; Cuban Missile Crisis). 'The conditions in which authoritarian states emerged were mainly determined by. The 20th century began much like our ownwith hope that education, science and technology could create a better, more peaceful world. 95 - Outline why the Rectification Campaign of 1986 was launched, and what were the results'. Namely, that certain groups, especially Jews, could not assimilate and would have to be removed entirely so the nation could thrive. 2023 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Moreover, most authoritarianswhatever the quality of their pandemic policiesface enormous new economic pressures as a result of the virus. This unique book weaves together literary works, . The Fascists, led by Mussolini, formed a street-fighting group called the Blackshirts to support the landowners. Beijing on Monday sought to defuse the row. (May 2007, May 2005), It was personality and not circumstances that brought rulers of single-party states to power. To what extent do you agree with this statement? The de-regulation of financial capital threatens to bring us back to capitalist authoritarianism that flourished in the 1920s and 1930s. 89 - How did the USA use economics to try and destabilise Castro? GOEBBELS [speaking German]: 3. (May 10 TZ2), In what ways, and to what extent, was propaganda important in the rise and rule of Hitler? The independent sovereign nations that emerged after the fall of the former Soviet Union "don't have effective status under international law because there is not an international agreement . 80-81 - What threat did the US pose to this 'new' Cuba? Direct link to Faviel Rapalo's post this was cool. The French foreign ministry said Lu would be given a stern rebuke, Germany said Beijing must clarify its stance, and the Czech foreign minister, Jan Lipavsk, described the remarks as totally unacceptable. Nationalism, independence movements By the end of the second close read, you should be able to answer the following questions: Finally, here are some questions that will help you focus on why this article matters and how it connects to other content youve studied. Those that have done well may gain enhanced domestic popularity and credibility for their competence, thus reinforcing their hold on power. But we can also see similarities in the ways that they emerged. Germanys territory was reduced by 13%. Under the pressure of unending carnage, governments toppled and great empires dissolved. Italians convinced themselves that this firepower made them superior to their Ethiopian victims. Inflation was threatening the living standards of all Cubans, rising to 40% a year for foodstuffs whilst pay levels stagnated. 'Hitler and his party would never have come to power without the severe economic and political crisis that engulfed Germany from 1929 onwards' - Overy. The use of force was the most important method used to maintain power in authoritarian states.. Stalin and his supporters identified their enemies in political and social ways. The modern Italian soldier on the stamp is dressed like a Roman legionnaire. In 1935 Italy invaded Ethiopia, and used similar harsh tactics. [2017] Check your email for details on your request. Currently, a CBI letter dated 11 April 2023 in possession of The Sunday Guardian, shows that the Bureau has called for the production of several documents from various entities on 17 April 2023 with regard to the scheme for the period between 2016 to 2019. David Wong was a James C. Gaither Junior Fellow with the Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program. Will the Invasion of Ukraine Change Russia-Africa Relations? The German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier warned this year that there is a "worldwide fascination with authoritarianism".. Photo of the fascist military forces known as the Blackshirts marching down an Italian street in Parma. They would destroy their political opponents and, under Mussolinis leadership, create a totalitarian state. In the 1920s, Mussolini pursued an aggressive foreign policy. Why do you think so many people in Italy, Germany, Japan, and the Soviet Union embraced fascist or authoritarian ideologies and actions, even those that were violent and repressive. The fighting in northern Italy had shaped the Fascist movement in four ways: By 1922, with these experiences behind them, Mussolini and his followers liked their chances of taking over Italy. It was a cataclysm that darkened the worlds view of humanity and its future. - What solutions were implemented? So was the number of parties and splinter groups vying for votes. Today's China is not yesterday's Soviet Union. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1.) authoritarianism, in politics and government, the blind submission to authority and the repression of individual freedom of thought and action.

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