unbelted vehicle occupants reach 0

Traffic signals direct traffic flow from two different directions. 2002. Modern vehicles are designed to crush when they crash to absorb kinetic energy. 0000042348 00000 n [38] On November 21, 2007, Public Citizen and Advocates for Highway and Auto Safety (petitioners) petitioned NHTSA to amend FMVSS No. 208, Occupant crash protection (49 CFR 571.208) to require a seat belt use warning system for rear seats. Identify the rulemaking by docket number and other identifying information (subject heading. Enhanced warning systems. Upon receiving your comments, Docket Management will return the postcard by mail. In order to earn bonus points, Euro NCAP requires the system to activate the change of status warning immediately at vehicle speeds over 25 km/h. Such a warning may reduce the risk of injury to children by alerting the driver that a child has unbuckled his or her seat belt, providing the driver an opportunity to direct the child to re-buckle the belt. 0000023448 00000 n A.) In accordance with MAP-21, in early 2013 NHTSA initiated a rulemaking proceeding when it submitted for public comment a proposal to undertake a study regarding the effectiveness of existing rear seat belt warning systems. A.) trucks and multipurpose passenger vehicles (MPVs) with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 4,536 kilograms (kg) (10,000 pounds (lb)) or less (except for some compliance options which do not require the warning);[21] 04/28/2023, 39 0000063657 00000 n 8. 0000007371 00000 n provide legal notice to the public or judicial notice to the courts. 15. The National Child Restraint Use Special Study found that only 13 percent of drivers reported reading the vehicle owner's manual. First, it repeals the statutory provision that prohibited NHTSA from requiring or specifying as a compliance option an audible seat belt warning lasting longer than 8 seconds. 208) currently on the market are also typically audio-visual. 89. In NHTSA's 2015 Survey of Principal Drivers of Vehicles with a Rear Seat Belt Reminder System, 65 percent of drivers of vehicles equipped with rear seat belt reminders reported that the rear seat belt reminder made it easier to encourage the rear seat passengers to buckle up. Passenger vehicles with one person and an Express Pass in Toll mode or a Amending FMVSS No. 0000003404 00000 n Even for seats where the connections are automatically established when the seat is reinstalled, the automatic connectors might malfunction and a proper connection may not be made. h. Cr2S3\mathrm{Cr}_2 \mathrm{~S}_3Cr2S3. documents in the last year, 1008 [41] If you wish Docket Management to notify you upon its receipt of your comments, enclose a self-addressed, stamped postcard in the envelope containing your comments. How would the costs and benefits of such a warning compare to more traditional types of warnings? The vehicles with seat belt warning systems were Volvos and certain Cadillac and Chevrolet models. [66] 2015. In addition, because of respondent bias, the large number of part time users, and the tendency for survey respondents to over-report belt use, MVOSS use rates have typically been about 10 percentage points higher than those from NOPUS. NHTSA surveyed (by telephone) drivers of vehicles with and without a rear seat belt warning system. documents in the last year, 24 Particularly with respect to a visual warning for the driver, what type of information should a visual warning convey? Initiatives to Address Safety Belt Use, available at www.regulations.gov (docket NHTSA-2003-14621). Alternatively (or in addition), NHTSA could specify that a rear seat would be considered occupied when an occupant who weighs at least 21 kg (46.5 lb), and is at least 114 cm (45 in) tall is seated there. No visual signal is required if all the rear occupants are belted. Webbelted and unbelted occupants. 66. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2015). Seat belt non-users are typically categorized as either part-time non-users or so-called hard-core non-users. The warnings provided by seat belt warning systems typically consist of visual and/or audible signals. 22. 0000010516 00000 n [72] 208 does not require this. The agency also seeks comment on the safety need for such warnings and the costs and feasibility of addressing these issues. 27. For rear seats, a visual signal must start once the ignition switch is engaged. If the docket receives a comment too late for us to consider in developing a final rule (assuming that one is issued), we will consider that comment as an informal suggestion for future rulemaking action. 16, Revision 9. Most currently-produced vehicles also have a seat belt warning for the front outboard passenger seat, although FMVSS No. 4. Seat occupancy criteria. Harmonization with regulatory requirements or new car assessment programs in other markets. [34] Minimum duration. 17. better and aid in comparing the online edition to the print edition. DOT 2007 Acceptability Study, supra, p. 41. DOT 2007 Acceptability Study, supra, pp. True Modern vehicles are designed to crush when they crash to absorb 67. Collisions on city streets are largely at intersections because of lane changing, running or jumping lights. Because, unlike NOPUS, it is not observational, the MVOSS is not the best indicator of national belt use. 81. John M. Boyle & Cheryl Lampkin. NHTSA has granted Public Citizen and Advocates for Highway and Auto Safety's petition. NHTSA especially seeks any data related to these issues. Vehicle occupants include drivers and passengers. This site displays a prototype of a Web 2.0 version of the daily NHTSA's 2015 Survey of Principal Drivers of Vehicles with a Rear Seat Belt Reminder System also investigated the acceptability of rear seat belt warning systems. 16. As discussed above, Congress enacted this restriction in 1974. Information about this document as published in the Federal Register. 16 will require a rear seat belt warning. [62] legal research should verify their results against an official edition of Survey of Principal Drivers of Vehicles with a Rear Seat Belt Reminder System. FMVSS No. ECE Regulation No. (Because the negative-only and full-status systems would indicate the presence of an unbuckled belt, they would probably want to avoid giving this warning unless the seat were occupied; if not, such false positives could lead the driver the disregard the warning or circumvent the system.). Should the warning be visual-only, audible-only, or audio-visual? 0000011618 00000 n 0000047687 00000 n These part-time non-users might be amenable to strategies to increase seat belt use. 0000005753 00000 n NHTSA initiated a rulemaking proceeding in 2013, and as it continues with this proceeding NHTSA is seeking public comment on a variety of issues related to a requirement for a rear seat belt warning system. Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21), Public Law 112-141 (2012). on FederalRegister.gov There are, of course, a variety of other ways the warning system might be intentionally or inadvertently circumvented. . documents in the last year, 84 If NHTSA should propose a change-of-status warning, what should the triggering condition(s) be? DOT HS 812 069. A Proposed Rule by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration on 09/27/2019. 47. Similarly, should there be criteria for the duration of the warning? Foldable, rotating or otherwise stowable seats (e.g., Stow-n-Go, Flip and Fold) are prominent in the third row of minivans or large sport utility vehicles. Enhanced warnings therefore generally need to work in conjunction with an occupant detection system, and even this might not completely eliminate the possibilities of false warnings (for example, if a rear seat is occupied by a pet or groceries). 1503 & 1507. How much more complex or expensive would they be? are not part of the published document itself. [87] However, many of the technologies discussed in this ANPRM are currently in use, either for front seat passengers or, in more limited models, rear seat passengers. In 2015 the agency completed an additional report on the effectiveness and consumer acceptance of rear seat belt warnings, based on a consumer survey. Regulatory History of Automatic Crash Protection in FMVSS 208. The agency's research has noted that no clear consensus exists about which warning system features are most acceptable,[70] Unbelted vehicle occupants reach 0 mph by striking the windshield, steering column and dashboard. Modern vehicles are designed to crush when they crash to absorb kinetic energy. Even with modern cars that are designed to absorb the energy of impact, a head-on collision may have more energy than the car design can dissipate. 0000101579 00000 n approaching or upon the crest of a grade D.) all of the above. NHTSA seeks comment on this issue, particularly on whether such electrical connection requirements should be proposed, and if so what they should be, and what types of seats they should be required for. C.) inconsistent signaling Seat belts protect occupants in various ways. 2007. Automatic belts are rarely, if ever, installed in current production vehicles, and NHTSA's regulations limit the seating positions for which automatic belts may be used to rear seats. Mazda and Ford introduced rear seat belt reminders in MY 2018 and 2019, respectively. 0000188740 00000 n NHTSA seeks comment on, among other things, potential requirements for such systems, the vehicles to which they should apply, their effectiveness, the likely consumer acceptance, and the associated costs and benefits. For systems with occupant detection on all rear seating positions, the visual signal does not need to indicate the number of seat belts in use or not in use, but the signal must remain active if a seat belt remains unfastened on any of the occupied seats in the rear. NHTSA seeks comment on the relative merits of such systems. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. ][99] 41-42. The documents posted on this site are XML renditions of published Federal 0000046831 00000 n Volvo started offering rear seat belt warnings in its vehicles in 2009 and currently all its vehicle models are equipped with rear seat belt warnings. The TRB report (published in 2004) found that new seat belt use technologies could increase belt use without being overly intrusive. 64. NHTSA also seeks comment on proposing multiple compliance options for the warning system requirements. 18-20. Fatality Reduction by Seat Belts in the Center Rear Seat and Comparison of Occupants' Relative Fatality Risk at Various Seating Positions. 84. Most new cars are sold with a three-year/36,000-mile warranty. NHTSA also seeks comment on how the potential for false positives can be minimized (because false positives can lead occupants to ignore or circumvent the warnings, or lead to driver distraction). It directs the Secretary to either issue a final rule, or, if the Secretary determines that such an amendment does not meet the requirements and considerations of 49 U.S.C. DOT HS-810-844. However, even these sensors could be defeated by pulling out additional webbing and clipping it off to prevent retraction; or. corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. 1. DOT HS 812 369. Federal Register issue. To test whether an air bag system either suppresses or properly deploys the front outboard passenger air bag in the presence of a child or small-stature individual, NHTSA tests the air bag system with a variety of different dummies. 75. Register documents. NHTSA continued and expanded on this work several years later. MAP-21 instructs NHTSA to initiate a rulemaking proceeding for a rear seat belt warning system and to issue a final rule if it would meet the requirements in section 30111 of the Safety Act. 0000043815 00000 n Many in the child passenger safety community refer to the child restraint anchorage system as the LATCH system, an abbreviation of the phrase Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children. The term was developed by a group of manufacturers and retailers for use in educating consumers on the availability and use of the anchorage system and for marketing purposes. U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The number of non-drivers surveyed was relatively small. One type of vehicle-based strategy is seat belt warning systems. What would be the increased cost associated with such a system (on a per seat and per vehicle basis), and how would it compare to the increased benefits (if any)? documents in the last year, 37 2007. The ECE regulations do not require occupant detection. The second level warning consists of a visual and audible signal activated for at least 30 seconds, not counting periods in which the warning may stop for up to 3 seconds. [51] Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. [83] The Public Inspection page 25. Occupant restraint use in 2017: Results from the NOPUS controlled intersection study (Report No. electronic version on GPOs govinfo.gov. 32. Please note that even after the comment closing date, we will continue to file relevant information in the docket as it becomes available. This is a national telephone survey periodically conducted by NHTSA. 80. documents in the last year, 295 Would delaying the warning until the vehicle is placed in gear make it more likely that the occupants fasten their belts before the vehicle is in motion? In this Issue, Documents 0000007972 00000 n In 2001, the House Committee on Appropriations directed NHTSA to contract with the Transportation Research Board (TRB) of the National Academy of Sciences to conduct a study on the benefits and acceptability of minimally intrusive vehicle technologies to increase seat belt use. d. Cu(OH)2\mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{OH})_2Cu(OH)2 [29] NHTSA also seeks comment on whether there would be any other non-regulatory approaches that would be appropriate. 0000045181 00000 n b. K2SO4\mathrm{K}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4K2SO4 Indicate which specific rule(s) led to your conclusion. Approximately 37,000+ people die annually on the roads of the United States. Drivers should not be influenced by friends or peer groups when driving and should make their own decisions in regard to driving habits. This requires, among other things, that a federal motor vehicle safety standard be practicable, meet the need for motor vehicle safety, and be stated in objective terms. If the electrical connection is not reestablished, the warning system could malfunction or provide inaccurate information. 0000047389 00000 n 82. 76. To the extent possible, we will also consider comments that the docket receives after that date. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, p. 10. 10. 39-40, 61; Boyle & Lampkin, supra, pp. 26. The responsibility for promulgation of Federal motor vehicle safety standards is delegated to NHTSA.[56]. migraine headaches [35] With respect to school buses, we acknowledge that a rear seat belt warning requirement might place additional cost burdens on school systems, given that such cost can lead to reductions in school bus service, resulting in greater risk to students. that have the potential to raise and/or sustain safety belt use rates. The report went on to identify several such initiatives, which it classified as either behavioral or vehicle-based. The thrill of danger Mark Freedman et al. [7] Toyota introduced rear seat belt warning systems in several MY 2017 vehicles and increased the number of equipped vehicles in MY 2018. 0000042748 00000 n Document page views are updated periodically throughout the day and are cumulative counts for this document. Road rage is the term used to refer to physical assaults that result from a traffic dispute. Survey of Principal Drivers of Vehicles with a Rear Seat Belt Reminder System. These markup elements allow the user to see how the document follows the How can I be sure that my comments were received? NHTSA seeks comment on whether the warning should be visible to the driver, the rear passenger(s), or both. Foldable or stowable seats in the second row are not as prominent in minivans. WebGeneral EV Charging Information. In 2007, Public Citizen and Advocates for Highway and Auto Safety petitioned NHTSA to amend FMVSS No. on Lives Saved by Vehicle Safety Technologies and Associated Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, 1960 to 2012Passenger Cars and LTVsWith Reviews of 26 FMVSS and the Effectiveness of Their Associated Safety Technologies in Reducing Fatalities, Injuries, and Crashes. WebIn 2020, 607 child passengers* ages 12 and younger were killed in motor vehicle crashes in the United States, 1 and more than 63,000 were injured. In light of the Congressional directives concerning seat belt warnings, NHTSA has taken a variety of actions to research the effectiveness and acceptance of seat belt warnings. Based on information submitted to the agency in connection with the agency's NCAP for MY 2018, 99.9 percent of participating vehicle models offered for sale in the U.S. had an enhanced warning (audio and/or visual) for the driver, right front passenger, or both, with a duration exceeding the FMVSS No. Research has found that seat belts greatly reduce the risk of fatal and non-fatal injuries, compared to the risk faced by unrestrained occupants. DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study, supra, p. 21. Seventy-eight percent of drivers were satisfied with the change-of-status warning during a trip; about 1 percent were dissatisfied. You may also see the comments on the internet. Impact and crash calculations are conducted at Porsche Seatbelt anchorage any 0 - 50 using the LS-Dyna 3D Finite Element Program. Should NHTSA retain these criteria to determine if a rear seated occupant is belted, and if not, what should the criteria be, and why? For example, approximately 80 percent of drivers of vehicles with a rear seat belt warning were satisfied with the system and 65 percent of drivers of vehicles equipped with rear seat belt reminders reported that the rear seat belt reminder made it easier to encourage rear seat passengers to buckle up.[4]. documents in the last year, by the Environmental Protection Agency Section 31503 of the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21) (Pub. With respect to audible warnings, we seek comment on the following: 17. 208 to require a rear seat belt warning system. This seat belt warning option required audible and visible warning signals that lasted for as long as the occupant was unbelted, the ignition was on, and the transmission was in forward or reverse. About 13 percent of model year (MY) 2019 vehicles sold in the United States came equipped with a rear seat belt warning system. 0000104337 00000 n Under 49 U.S.C. [97] [15] 0000012899 00000 n NHTSA seeks comment on what types of rear seat belt warnings consumers would accept. The seat belt and/or occupant detection sensors utilized by the rear warning system in vehicles with removable rear seats are intentionally disconnected. 208 to require a seat belt warning system for rear seats on passenger cars and MPVs with a GVWR of 4,536 kg (10,000 lb) or less. Are there situations when the warning at a low speed would result in an unnecessary or unwanted warning, and how frequently would such situations occur? Motor vehicle safety standard means a minimum performance standard for motor vehicles or motor vehicle equipment. 11. The guidelines could identify best practices for manufacturers who wish to equip vehicles with a rear seat belt warning system. 4172 0 obj <>stream Below we seek comment on possible sample selection bias (because these survey respondents were drivers of vehicles equipped with rear seat belt warning systems). Get an answer. In response, the agency conducted a multi-phase research study (described below). The President of the United States communicates information on holidays, commemorations, special observances, trade, and policy through Proclamations. This action is not subject to the requirements of E.O. DOT HS 811 206. 24. Some research may suggest that having the warning visible to the unbelted occupant may increase effectiveness. NHTSA has, over time, used a variety of strategies to increase seat belt use, including sponsoring national media campaigns, providing assistance to states enacting seat belt use laws and high-visibility enforcement campaigns, and facilitating or requiring vehicle-based strategies. Unbelted occupants are overrepresented in fatal crashes. For rear seat occupants, seat belts reduce the risk of fatality by 55 percent (for passenger cars) and 74 percent (for light trucks and vans). [ 1] In some instances, a visual signal might be displayed as a telltale on the instrument panel or on the vehicle's information display screen. The team's report, issued in 2003, observed that [d]espite the significant increases over the past twenty years, safety belt use in the United States falls short of that in some industrialized nations.[46] NHTSA's research (for front seat belt Start Printed Page 51087warnings) suggests that longer-duration warnings are more effective, but also more annoying. This could be addressed by requiring a sequential logic system. 99. At the same time, such vehicles could be at least as likely, if not more likely, to have rear occupants. A variety of potential system requirements could be proposed to address this potential issue. To what extent would requiring a warning be visible to rear passengers increase cost and complexity, and would this be justified? 0000031774 00000 n The synergistic affect is _________ with each combination, each time and each person. 16, Revision 9 8.4.4.2. To what extent would or should such requirements constrain manufacturers' design choices, and how could such constraints be minimized? 100% of the ports are level 2 This could be addressed by utilizing seat belt buckle and spool-out sensors and deactivating the warning only if the webbing were spooled out more than a predetermined length. 0000031013 00000 n (2019, February). 0000043729 00000 n model year vehicles. (B) that has soil with poor drainage. If you estimate potential costs or burdens, explain how you arrived at your estimate in sufficient detail to allow for it to be reproduced. FMVSS No. Prior to 1974, NHTSA had promulgated a series of occupant protection regulations that, at various times, specified as compliance options various combinations of active and passive occupant crash protection, seat belt interlocks, and seat belt warnings. 0000019139 00000 n For example, to what extent does the sound of the latch plate clicking into the buckle when a belt is fastened currently serve as an indication of seat belt use? when you grip the steering wheel you should place your hands on the steering wheel at the 3 and 9 or 4 and 8 o'clock positions to allow room for air bags to deploy. (2019, February). NHTSA is considering proposing any of a variety of minimum requirements for a rear seat belt warning system. https://www.federalregister.gov/d/2019-20644, MODS: Government Publishing Office metadata, https://www.transportation.gov/regulations/dot-information-dissemination-quality-guidelines, https://www.regulations.gov/docs/Tips_For_Submitting_Effective_Comments.pdf. 0000000016 00000 n Unattended vehicles shall be parked with the drivers side facing the aircraft and so it will not interfere with aircraft being towed or taxied. Repeated violations are cause for disciplinary action, which may include suspension and/or dismissal.5. Seat belts will be worn by all occupants, at all times.6. [60] 10. We especially seek comment on whether a rear seat belt warning should be required for high-occupancy vehicles such as 15-passenger vans, large sport utility vehicles, school buses, and large trucks and vans with a GVWR less than or equal to 4,536 kg (10,000 lb).[86]. Developing appropriate attitudes depends on recognizing that attitudes are: Approximately 100,000 police-reported crashes annually involve drowsiness and fatigue as a principal casual factor. See Figure 1. Your driving privilege will be permanently revoked if you are convicted _____ times for DUI. Charles J. Kahane. (MAP-21 also repeals a statutory provision that prohibited NHTSA from requiring or specifying as a compliance option an audible seat belt warning lasting longer than 8 seconds.) See, e.g., Transportation Research Board Study, p. 25; DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study, p. 2. According to data from NHTSA's National Occupant Protection Use Survey (NOPUS), from 2006 to 2017, seat belt use was lower in the rear seat than in the front seat, ranging from a difference of 6.2 percent in 2007 (76.3% vs. 82.5%) to 15.6 percent in 2006 (64.8% vs. With respect to comments that identify an innovative seat belt warning system differing from the current driver's seat belt warning and current production front and rear passenger seat belt warnings, NHTSA seeks comment on such possibilities, and the effectiveness of any such alternative. 208, S29.1(e), and correspond to the height and weight requirements for a child who is used as an alternative for the 6-year-old child test dummy for compliance testing of advanced air bag systems utilizing static suppression. Volvo, Toyota, Mazda, Ford and Jaguar Land Rover offer vehicles for sale in the U.S. with rear seat belt warning systems. When prescribing such standards, the Secretary must consider all relevant, available motor vehicle safety information.

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