What is there to dislike? Overall, Zhuangzi clearly recommends open-minded flexibility as when he scolds Hui Shi for being tied to conventional thinking about how to use giant gourds. Nozicks question is, would you plug into such machine for life? Levi, Jean, trans. You can divert the trolley to another track that only has one person on it. Psychology and Self-Cultivation in Early Taoistic Thought. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 51.2: 599650. WebZhuangzi, or Chuang-tzu, (born c. 369, Meng, Chinadied 286 bce), Most significant early Chinese interpreter of Daoism and the purported author of the Daoist classic that bears The question of what exactly Zhuangzis positive project might be is beyond the scope of this paper, but the point remains that the idea that we are even wondering about who Zhuangzi is as a philosopher, or how he would want us to analyze him in light of his stories, is something that we dont typically see when we turn to Western philosophers advancing certain thought experiments. Dao 20, 133148 (2021). https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/handle/2022/23427 (last accessed on November 27, 2020). 2019. Paris: ditions de lencyclopdie des nuisances. 1889. Bradenton, FL: BookLocker. ______. Dordrecht: Springer. Dschuang-Dsi. Nothing Can Overcome Heaven: The Notion of Spirit in the Zhuangzi. In Hiding the World in the World: Uneven Discourses on the Zhuangzi, edited by Scott Cook. 18ZDA031]. xX[oH~G?*sTU\KX%v8_sRW7dZ,0w.sil7>?gO:[eU9>~jtYUM^}g{8{' ) ^$p+(p0 $. IYfqrdJG&EYRI-an8p/'eZR;.KZ|veHGd#a:KHiEk]`s#I1IB#P`Hqq ,15#H&Y\' k,Wr/qf3yxA[ab8bi_?%+F&)SYT{jDj pa8C%pF|40:RU[s$.Th.-_V{`rM`&1tLu!P&dp*I$bsr&g0H8{$.XWk@GAuu'vg-:Gy0TjmVjS=;1Wq E|[_0# &1LY[(ehob}kl]X. 2000. Klein, Esther. Chen, Guying , trans. If he turns my right arm into a bow, Ill shoot down a dove for roasting. 2003. He made fun of ritual, dogma, and pretentious moralizing. Schipper, Kristofer, trans. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. 2011. 1968. Cao, Chuji , trans. School of Philosophy, Renmin University of China (Zhe-xue-yuan), Av. Wang, Rongpei, trans. 26But perhaps Zhuangzi doesnt want to be charitably pinned down; perhaps this attitude itself is a kind of (Western?) Fundamentals of Comparative and Intercultural Philosophy. A New Examination of Evidence about the Zhuangzi. Toung Pao 96.4/5: 299369. Morgan, Jeffrey. Theory of Non-Emotion in the Zhuangzi and Its Connection to Wei-Jin Poetry. Journal of Chinese Philosophy 40.2: 340354. Puett, Michael J. We use cookies to improve your website experience. 1957. First I will discuss Western thought experiments and a few reasons that have been given for and against using these tools to acquire knowledge. The Drunkards And The Tavern A Poem by Rumi, An illustrated ebook of Vigyan Bhairav Tantra translated by Lakshman Joo. The manual is thorough and accurate enough to cause Searle to produce answers that make a native Chinese speaker outside of the room think that Searle actually understands the questions being asked.17 The question is, does Searle understand the Chinese language the way a Chinese speaker does? URL: http://journals.openedition.org/estetica/5889; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/estetica.5889, Creative Commons - Attribuzione - Non commerciale - Non opere derivate 4.0 Internazionale - CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/, Vedi la notizia bibliografica nel catalogo OpenEdition, Mappa del sito Contatti Crediti RSS Feed, Norme sulla privacy Cookie Policy Segnala un problema, Noi aderiamo a OpenEdition Edito con Lodel Accesso riservato, Sarai reindirizzato su OpenEdition Search, Briding traditions. He is trapped within the boundaries of his own preconceptions. Zhang, Mosheng, , trans. WebHuizi said to Zhuangzi, Can a ren indeed be without qing? The reply was, He can.But on what grounds do you call him a ren, who is thus without qing? Zhuangzi said, The Why else would he deem the gourd worthy of destruction? On my reading, Zhuangzis WebZongzi ( Chinese: ) or simply zong (Cantonese Jyutping: zung2) is a traditional Chinese rice dish made of glutinous rice stuffed with different fillings and wrapped in bamboo But Mary has never actually seen anything colored because she lives in a black and white world. Ziporyn, Brook, trans. Taipei : Shijie Shuju ; http://www.terebess.hu/english/chuang.html (last accessed on October 12, 2020). What follows is that the expression wuqing should not be identified as a doctrine of nonemotion. Instead, wuqing implies that Zhuangzi advises us to lead a life of tranquility, calmness, and stillness. vres De Tchoang-Tzeu. Although many of the anecdotes in the Zhuangzi would fail to count as good thought experiments, the very reasons they fail might be exactly what Zhuangzi intends in order to promote philosophical reflection and wonder. Kjellberg, Paul, trans. The author thanks the helpful comments of anonymous reviewers, and thanks the authors of all the references. And insofar as part of what makes something good philosophy is that it sparks wonder and further questioning, Zhuangzis stories might even do better than self-standing thought experiments. Are happy feelings and experiences all that humans are ultimately after? A logical analysis of the debate on Hao . clandestine change of argumentative issue, Restore content access for purchases made as guest, 48 hours access to article PDF & online version. Qin, Xuqing , and Sun Yongchang , trans. For example, we might want to interpret Master Chariots story in light of other thingsZhuangzi says about the natural transformation of things25 and conclude that Zhuangzi is trying to say that transformation (whether an arm into a rooster, or life into death) is nothing to fear or avoid. Leiden: Brill. And my neck bones point to Heaven. But though his yin and yang qi were fouled, in his mind there was nothing the matter. Zhongguancun 59, Haidian District, Beijing, 100872, China, Hoger Instituut voor Wijsbegeerte, KU Leuven, Kardinaal Mercierplein 2, 3000, Leuven, Belgium, You can also search for this author in 2002-2022 The Linguist Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. My premises and conclusion follow from each other; therefore, me conclusion is logically valid. Why should we be so troubled by an arm that turns into a rooster? Besides, at the very least, thought experiments and stories can show us candidates for what we might concern ourselves with.14. He is sabotaging the very tools he might have used to explore his unconscious self and discover something useful. 1995. Zhuangzi on Qing: Lack of Qing, Giving Free Reign to Qing, and Setting Qing at Rest :. Philosophical Researches 4: 5059. His logic must be correct, as proven by its consistency with itself; therefore, he feels justified in taking vengeancein mocking, destroying, demolishing, and abolishing all those things which make him too keenly aware of the conflict. volume20,pages 133148 (2021)Cite this article. Nothing has ever beaten Heaven. over 2,300 years ago He taught the Tao, or way, an approach to life based on effortlessness and harmony with ones nature. Middendorf, Ulrike. 1928/1989. 4 0 obj Beijing: Foreign Languages Press. Even though the lessons are in story form, that doesnt mean that they are easy to decipher. Our hypothetical logician has forgotten that for an argument to be sound the premises must be true and they must follow to the conclusion. Zhuang Zi: De volledige geschriften: Het grote klassieke boek van het Taosme Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Augustus. Puett, Michael J. Zhuangzi. The difference is all in how the thing is used. A Complete Translation of the Zhuangzi [in modern Chinese] . What follows is that the expression wuqing should not be identified as a doctrine of nonemotion. Instead, wuqing implies that Zhuangzi advises us to lead a life of tranquility, calmness, and stillness. Jackson has actually since changed his position on the thesis of physicalism and he no longer thinks its false. Indianapolis: Hackett. 1928/1989. 2016. Xu, Bing . Zhuangzis Doctrine of No-Emotion (pre-production draft). The lack of full clarity and explanation is precisely what invites and allows the observer to make something out of the work for herself and thus arguably makes the piece, or whatever is taken from it, more memorable. He really has convinced himself that his knowledge and mode of thinking is complete! esperienza, percezione, cognizione, documentalit: l'ontologia degli oggetti sociali, Artworld & Artwork. On another nearby track there is only one person working. Les fondements philosophiques de la rhtorique chez les sophistes grecs et chez les sophiste chinois. Ma, L., van Brakel, J. Revisiting the Exchange between Zhuangzi and Huizi on Qing. . He points out that imaginary cases reveal moral principles to us which we can then use to determine our attitude in a new case10, and this can be especially useful when something about certain features of real cases distracts us from what is actually morally important. ______, trans. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. 2018. 1889. School of Philosophy, Renmin University of China (Zhe-xue-yuan), Av. Rather, we are freed when we can leave this (human) self and life behind. Perhaps Zhuangzi would affirm Master Chariot for being so free. WebAn interesting legend of Zongzi has been passed down through generations from ancient China. Qing (Emotions) in Pre-Buddhist Chinese Thought. In Emotions in Asian Thought: A Dialogue in Comparative Philosophy, edited by Joel Marks and Roger T. Ames. WebZhuangzi is criticizing his friend Huizi for smashing giant gourds because he couldnt find a conventional use for them. This is what the ancients call loosing the bonds. Albany: State University of New York Press. endobj WebHuizi said to Zhuangzi, The king of Wei left me the seeds of a big gourd. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. He 5Thought experiments have long been used in philosophy as a way to raise questions or pursue knowledge through considering hypothetical situations. Words are for meaning: when youve got the meaning, you can forget the words.26 Zhuangzis fantastical stories, along with the most beloved Western thought experiments, are devices that philosophers use to communicate a certain message, and in Zhuangzis case it might be a message that goes beyond words. USefullnes is. 20Zhuangzi here seems to be criticizing Huizi for not being creative enough, for being limited in his understanding of the varying uses something can have. 2011. Contrast the greater man with the lesser. Beijing : Zhonghua Shuju . ______. In Dao Companion to the Philosophy of the Zhuangzi, edited by Kim-chong Chong and Kai-Yuan Cheng. 1891. Sometimes they are also in extraordinary situations, sometimes not. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Zhuangzi and Huizi were strolling along the dam of the Hao Waterfall when Zhuangzi said, See how the minnows come out and dart around where they please! Beijing : Zhonghua Shuju . Chuang-Tzu. Oxford: Oxford University Press. With Zhuangzi, however, its not clear that understanding his stories is supposed to lead us back to some aspect of human life. 2011. over 2,300 years ago He taught the Tao, or way, an approach to life based on effortlessness and harmony with There is no neutral fence on which to sit, but neither is there land immune to the shifting sands of the constantly changing universe. Arthur C. Danto e l'ontologia dell'arte, Il Significato Eluso. By utilizing modern logical analysis tools, this study reveals what and how the propositions and inferences contained in the language of the debate are articulated accurately and strictly. . This frees the mind to see the value of the Daoist way of life. ______. 2011. For example, one could say, as a utilitarian, Im committed to maximizing happiness and minimizing pain so if there is a choice between letting five people live and one die or five die and one live, then I will do the former. Indianapolis: Hackett. Virg, Curie. https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/handle/2022/23427 (last accessed on November 27, 2020). Guo, Xiang , and Cheng Xuanying , annot. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press. 25Because with Zhuangzi its not always clear what is being asked, or what position he is advocating, readers start to wonder about the man behind the stories, entertaining questions such as: What kind of philosopher is Zhuangzi? I will then discuss some of the fictitious anecdotes that appear in the Zhuangzi. What is he trying to do? You . On Anger: An Essay on Confucian Moral Psychology. In Returning to Zhu Xi: Emerging Patterns within the Supreme Polarity, edited by David Jones and Jinli He. 29I will end with one of my favorite passages in the Zhuangzi, from chapter 26 in which he writes, a trap is for fish: when youve got the fish, you can forget the trap. Daoism: Laozi and Zhuangzi. In World Philosophy, edited by Jay L. Garfield and William Edelglass. Wilhelm, Richard, trans. Sometimes the human beings are normal human beings, but they are involved in highly unusual situations. I planted them, Thomson, J., 1985, The Trolley Problem, Yale Law Journal, 94: 1395-1415. 1913/1983. Early Confucian Perspectives on Emotions. In Dao Companion to Classical Confucian Philosophy, edited by Vincent Shen. Liu, Qingping. What better carriage? Hui Shis questions reflect a narrow empiricist epistemic approach while Zhuangzis replies intimate that Hui Shis notion of how one knows is too restrictive (even Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. In Dao Companion to the Philosophy of the Zhuangzi, edited by Kim-chong Chong and Kai-Yuan Cheng. 3Of course there is no way in one paper that I could hope to take into consideration the variety of contemporary Western thought experiments and compare them to even half of the fables we find in the Zhuangzi. Even if we are confident about what to do in an imaginary case, the criticism has been raised that thought experiments dont actually reflect a truth about reality; rather, they just reflect our beliefs about reality13. endobj Guo, Xiang , and Cheng Xuanying , annot. 2008. 2008. 2003. In both, finding the message of the work or the intention of its creator is not necessarily the purpose of the piece as much as is engaging with it and walking away with something even if that something is not an understanding of the actual work but rather a broadening of the mind, an interesting question, or a pleasurable experience. ______, trans. This is what Jonathan Dancy suggests9. Emotionless in Confucianism and Daoism: A New Interpretation. Journal of Chinese Philosophy 38.1: 118133. Zhuang Zi and the Education of the Emotions. Comparative Philosophy 9.1: 3246. The thought experiments here and conclusions about the imaginary cases are taken to help defend a certain stance (e.g., against utilitarianism, against strong artificial intelligence) that the philosopher wants to take. Zhuangzi on Qing: Lack of Qing, Giving Free Reign to Qing, and Setting Qing at Rest :. Philosophical Researches 4: 5059. Jinan : Qilu Shushe . WebThinking outside of convention vs. Huizi's logic Turn gourds into buoys The value of uselessness The useless tree - because its not useful to the world it can grow and 23What Zhuangzi thinks of Master Chariot we dont know for sure. . Although these differences arguably make Zhuangzis anecdotes poor thought experiments, according to Western analytic standards, it seems that if the purpose of a fabricated story is to encourage the reader to broaden her philosophical outlook, to see something more clearly that she might not have seen in a more realistic case, or to provide a more memorable way to retain a point, then Zhuangzis stories are highly effective pedagogical tools. Ma, Lin, and Jaap van Brakel. Price excludes VAT (USA) At other times, he presents a story and just leaves it more up to the reader to interpret. Zhuang Zi and the Education of the Emotions. Comparative Philosophy 9.1: 3246. 2016. We are less interested in the person offering up the thought experiment or in figuring out how it relates to other things that person has written. These are two requisites together, and one being so does not make the other. 2010. The Tradition of Emotive Writing in the Zhuangzi and Its Echoes in Later Generations. Frontiers of Philosophy in China 10.3: 340352. Huizi described the tree as gnarled, similar to Sartres description. Cheng, Anne. It is the acknowledgement of his ignorance which give him a reason to better himselfbecause he knows just how far he is from who he could become. 2012. Ma, Lin, and Jaap van Brakel. Si, L , trans. New York: Columbia University Press. There is a runaway trolley that is headed towards five people who are repairing the tracks up ahead. Step 2: Check your email inbox & spam folder for a verification letter to complete the process (This is to ensure your email is valid). . I planted them, and they grew to the size of five bushels. https://www.academia.edu/35172330/Zhuangzis_Doctrine_of_No_Emotions_forthcoming_in_Dao_Companion_to_the_Philosophy_of_the_Zhuangzi_Kim_Chong_Chong_and_Kai_Yuan_Cheng_eds_final_draft (last accessed on October 12, 2020). Changsha : Hunan Renmin Chubanshe . https://www.academia.edu/35172330/Zhuangzis_Doctrine_of_No_Emotions_forthcoming_in_Dao_Companion_to_the_Philosophy_of_the_Zhuangzi_Kim_Chong_Chong_and_Kai_Yuan_Cheng_eds_final_draft (last accessed on October 12, 2020). Article The goal is to figure out what to do in the actual case, which can shed light on what our prima facie duties are in other actual cases. I cut them into pieces to make ladles, but they were so flat and broad that they wouldn't hold anything. We could leave out the trolley and avoid questions about why it's a runaway trolley and why you can't shout to the people on the tracks (which, if it were a real case, would seem like very reasonable things to do). 1985. 4 This admittedly is a different kind of similarity, one involving the similar effect of a thought experiment or story. A New Examination of Evidence about the Zhuangzi. Toung Pao 96.4/5: 299369. Chuang-Tzu. One reason He does this because he knows his logic to be validthat is to say, he knows that his premises and conclusions follow. WebZhuangzi and Huizi were strolling along the dam of the Hao Waterfall when Zhuangzi said, See how the minnows come out and dart around where they please! 1981/2001. New York: Seven Bridges Press. 2010. Paris: Cathasia, 2e tirage. In Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy, edited by Philip J. Ivanhoe and Bryan W. Van Norden. Reding, Jean-Paul. Zhuangzis famous story about the crooked tree appeals to me for many reasons. PubMedGoogle Scholar. It would seem that the virtue of Master Chariot is that he humbly accepts whatever happens to him, and it is the mental (ability to let go) that is more important than the physical. HuiZi said to ZhuangZi, "The Prince of Wei gave me a seed of a large-sized kind of gourd. Machek, David. I know it by standing here on the bridge of the River Hao.. Even though the lessons are in story form, that doesnt mean that they are easy to decipher. <> Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in What is there to dislike?There is no commentary from Zhuangzi himself on this story23, except that he writes of other people who also testify that whatever Heaven does to them, they do and should receive without resisting. A New Commentary on the Zhuangzi [in modern Chinese] . The Ethics of Responding Properly: The Notion Qing in Early Chinese Thought. In Love and Emotions in Traditional Chinese Literature, edited by Halvor Eifring. 1913/1983. People want to make sense of him and offer a charitable interpretation where the various threads in his writing can be woven together so we can attribute a consistent view to Zhuangzi. ______. Furthermore, in giving voice to such an odd character, Zhuangzi could be challenging those of us who have a problem with unusual transformations happening to us to have a looser grip on our expectations in life. She knows an enormous amount of information about color, much more than you or I do, but is there anything she doesnt know about color if she has only read all about it? There can be no value in it. 2000. 2015. New York: Columbia University Press. But in cherry picking some famous thought experiments and anecdotes in the Zhuangzi, I will demonstrate that there are a couple of interesting differences to draw out that I think would apply to many pairings of a Western thought experiment and one of Zhuangzis stories. Nothing Can Overcome Heaven: The Notion of Spirit in the Zhuangzi. In Hiding the World in the World: Uneven Discourses on the Zhuangzi, edited by Scott Cook. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. With Zhuangzi, on the other hand, the people, animals and objects that defy reality do not necessarily teach us something about a reality of our own lives, except perhaps the idea that we are often limited by those realities. Avanguardia, cinema, immagini, social objects from intentionality to documentality, numero speciale, supplemento al n. 55| 2014, aesthetic experience in the evolutionary perspective, wineworld. The debate between Zhuangzi and Huizi has profound epistemological significance, however, the main body of their debate comprises logical inferences and Anecdotes and thought experiments in Zhuangzi and Western philosophy, Rethinking Philosophy, Semiotics, and the Arts with Umberto Eco, Rethinking Schelling. Giles, Herbert A., trans. The unrealistic nature of a thought experiment is one thing that can differentiate it from other counterfactual reasoning. In these classic thought experiments, and many others, there is a clear question being asked. 1968. Albany: State University of New York Press. Middendorf, Ulrike. Zhuangzi. Si, L , trans. 1920. Cao, Chuji , trans. Levi, Jean, trans. Forthcoming. Introduction: Emotions and the Conceptual History of Qing . In Love and Emotions in Traditional Chinese Literature, edited by Halvor Eifring. It is precisely because we dont know exactly what Zhuangzi is up to that the discussion and wonder are enduring. 2015. One reason His language did not hit his target the intent to make sense of things. This suggests that Zhuangzi saw Hui Shi as caught in a paradox. On the other hand, youre certainly not a fish so that still proves you dont know what fish enjoy!, Zhuangzi said, Lets go back to your original question, please. All Is Well in the Great Mess. Then I will explain some differences in the way Zhuangzi presents and uses fictional anecdotes. 1891. Being in the forest industry, I know that a crooked tree is not suitable for making standard commodity lumber products, but it can make high quality decorative products which feature its natural beauty and individuality. Yet he commits this very sin, and all because he feels he reached a valid conclusion. WebHuizis truism that Zhuangzi is not a fish shows some appreciation of the problem of SpR, but the ensuing conclusion that Zhuangzi couldnt know fish happiness assumes that ______, trans. 2005. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Promises and previsions in architecture and philosophy, Nespolo e la filosofia. 3099067 ______. I filled it with liquid, but it was not firm enough to lift. Here we see Zhuangzi make explicit that which hitherto he spoke of only implicitlythe significance of the phoenix, Peng, and the difference between the great and the small. Why not lash them together like big buoys and go floating on rivers and lakes instead of worrying that they were too big to dip into anything?21. 2003. Beijing : Zhonghua Shuju . Zhuangzi helps us to reckon with the fact that we necessarily come to the world with a certain perspective there is no view from nowhere but we are invited through Zhuangzis stories to get out of that perspective and see that of others. Foot, P., 1967, The problem of abortion and the Doctrine of Double Effect, Oxford Review, V. Hochsmann, H., Guorong, Y., 2007, Zhuangzi, Boston, Pearson Education. Sheesh! Since these questions might be hard to grasp in the abstract, philosophers come up with thought experiments, and based on what our understanding of the hypothetical situation is, we then move to a similar real-world scenario, having gained insight, supposedly, of how to think about those situations. In Les pres du systme Taoste. Napoli: Universit degli Studie di Napoli LOrientale.. Albany: State University of New York Press. The Ethics of Responding Properly: The Notion Qing in Early Chinese Thought. In Love and Emotions in Traditional Chinese Literature, edited by Halvor Eifring. The debate between Zhuangzi and Huizi has profound epistemological significance, however, the main body of their debate comprises logical inferences and refutations. 2014. Chinese and Western philosophy in dialogue, Anecdotes and thought experiments in Zhuangzi and Western philosophy. This is not to say that all thought experiments incorporate all of these things, but a good thought experiment will often touch on several. Theory of Non-Emotion in the Zhuangzi and Its Connection to Wei-Jin Poetry. Journal of Chinese Philosophy 40.2: 340354. Zhuangzi: The Essential Writings. Huizi, aka Hui Shi, was a representative of the School of Names. In the latter case, the focus is on the idea or question raised, which, Ive suggested, is made patently obvious in a good thought experiment. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2010. ______, trans. Nozick, R., 1974,Anarchy, State, and Utopia, New York, Basic Books. My shoulders are peaked. They are used in all branches of philosophy, including ethics, metaphysics and epistemology. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. Les vres de Matre Tchouang. It was big and all, but because it was so useless I finally just smashed it to pieces., Zhuangzi said, You are certainly stupid when it comes to using big things. 12With Western thought experiments often the goal is to bring us back to a truth or situation about human life. It is vital to note that Huizis acknowledgment that Zhuangzi is not a fish demonstrates some truism in the problem brought about by SR. The Philosophy of Life: A New Reading of the Zhuangzi.
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huizi and zhuangzi about gourds