Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrics and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitt (LMU) Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany, Affiliation: The Institute of Medicine (2003) has indicated that EHRs should support delivery of patient care, be key evidence-based data points, improve patient safety, improve efficiency, facilitate management of chronic health conditions, provide outcome analysis, and share data across settings. (2019). Evans and colleagues found no statistically significant difference in the proportion of students wearing spectacles at 14 months follow-up between vision screening with provision of ready-made spectacles and vision screening with provision of custom-made spectacles in a meta-analysis of three RCTs [21]. However, there was no risk of bias assessment in this SR and therefore the results must be interpreted cautiously. Following the recommendation of the AMSTAR 2 developers [17], individual ratings were not combined into an overall score. Additionally, a recent review found that school-based or school-linked health services already exist in at least 102 countries [9]. . Gifted Education in Rural Schools. Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. This overview makes an important first step toward that guideline. Depending on the content and approach of the school health assessment, there might be ways to use data gathered from any of these tools to create a generalized view of school health systems, programs, and services in a state, district, school, or community. Although the CDC does not require the use of the School Health Index, some states and school districts have policies or program requirements to use the School Health Index. You can review and change the way we collect information below. No SRs found eligible studies comparing vision screening with no vision screening. You may know to keep a file of those records. Panelists evaluate questions based on best practices and emerging research on addressing heath behaviors and the school health environment. The data was too heterogeneous to meta-analyze, and the authors determined that the certainty of the evidence of the benefit of dental screening in increasing dental attendance was very low [18]. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. WHO has long recognized the link between healthand education and the potential for schools to playa central role in safeguarding student health andwell-being. If consensus was not possible during title/abstract or full text screening, a third reviewer (DR), who had the casting vote, would have been asked to independently screen the article. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. This is problematic given that health disparities for children and adolescents are greater in LMIC and LIC than in higher income countries [10]. Evans and colleagues found strong evidence from China, Tanzania, and India that school vision screening for correctable visual acuity deficits increased wearing of spectacles when spectacles were provided at no cost [21]. Using electronic health records (EHRs) to link school nurses and health care systems is usually limited in scope despite EHRs advancement in these health care systems. The World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Global School Health Initiative in 1995 with the goal to improve child, adolescent and community health through health promotion and programming in schools [1]. implementation guidance calls for the prioritization of school health programs as an important step towards universal health coverage and urges that "Every school should be a health promoting school" [ 10 ]. These items include: (1) overlap (see below), (2) rating of confidence from the AMSTAR 2 checklist [14], (3) date of publication, and (4) match between the scope of the included SRs and the overview itself. This document was followed throughout the review process and is available in S1 Appendix. When used properly, EHRs have the potential to "maximize quality, decrease cost, and prevent errors, as well as promote the interoperability of school health records with providers in other care settings." School nurses might use an EHR for: Tracking student health trends Ensuring health documentation is secure and compliant The final two items in the four-item checklist are (3) date of publication to ensure that results are up-to-date, and (4) matching of the scope to confirm that primary studies within SRs are relevant to the overview. In this overview, SRs with at least 50% of included studies fulfilling all criteria were included after extensive discussion between the authors and experts in the field. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. Five databases were searched through June 2018. But did you know there are other records, both formal and informal, that are important to keep for future reference? Thus, responsibility for interventions may need to be redistributed in countries with limited access to health professionals. Why are there different school health assessments?Different school health assessments are available to address specific areas of concern in school health and school improvement efforts. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. School records include books, documents, diskettes and files that contain information on what goes on in school as well as other relevant information pertaining to the growth and development of the school. Can these assessments be used for data in school improvement planning processes at the state or local level?Yes. Table F. Answers to AMSTAR 2 checklist questions 116. School health assessments give schools a snapshot in time of programs and policies that address student and staff health. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. Chung and colleagues systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed universal sleep education programs as compared to no additional sleep intervention from Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, and Hong Kong (Table 3G) [20]. In addition, school health data provides the potential to determine the most effective interventions to support the well being of children. School health services staff also are responsible for coordinating care by communicating with the students family and health care providers so that they can stay healthy and ready to learn. Nonetheless, these criteria were necessary to give the overview a reasonable scope. Make the most of doctor visits. None of the SRs evaluated comprehensive, multi-component, or multi-health area school health services. However, this conclusion should be interpreted cautiously due to small effect sizes, small sample sizes, and conflicting evidence on the effectiveness of music therapy between Sullivan and Simonson [36] and Gold and colleagues [23]. This article theoretically debated the role school record to effective educational management, the importance of keeping records in school, types of school records, and characteristics of . This lag may preclude the ability for an overview to truly reflect current knowledge [13]. 80% (n = 16) of SRs included in this overview were given ratings of low or critically low confidence using the AMSTAR 2 checklist, although this is not unusual given the stringency of the checklist. All SRs primarily examined studies on school-based, rather than school-linked interventions. McDonald and Drey narratively assessed group-based art therapy as an intervention for children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD), moderate to severe behavior problems, or learning disorders [33]. Schools are considered to be an ideal platform for oral health promotion through education, services, and the school environment [6]. Two SRs on dental health screening [18] and behavioral interventions for caries prevention [30] found limited evidence of effectiveness. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In 2015, the top five leading causes of death for 59 year olds were lower respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases, meningitis, drowning, and road injury [47]. A majority of the studies (80%) were given low or critically low levels of confidence. For full functionality of this site, please enable JavaScript. In order for policy makers and leaders in school health to make evidence-based recommendations on which services should be available in schools, who should deliver them, and how should they be delivered, more SRs must be done. Kid Kohl, Gold and colleagues assessed daily music therapy as an intervention to improve verbal and gestural communicative skills and reduce behavioral problems in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder [23]. This overview was conducted using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) [11]. Hardware interventions included provision of sanitary products and software interventions focused on menstrual management education. To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address: We take your privacy seriously. S6 Appendix. Most schools rely upon grant funding and other financial aid to cover the implementation costs, but this often involves stringent requirements. A strength of this overview is that it attempted to answer a question that has not yet been answered regarding the effectiveness of both comprehensive and specific school health services delivered by a health provider. health record explaining the purpose of school health records, services offered by school health personnel, and the desirability of periodic health examinations. This implies that a narrower range of SRs would have been eligible if a stricter cut-off had been selected, and vice versa. Finally, creative therapy interventions seem to be effective for indicated populations of school-age children, such as children with autism spectrum disorder [23,33]. Meta-analysis of the six studies showed statistically significant short-term benefits for weekday sleep time, weekend sleep time, and mood [20]. To investigate the effectiveness of school health services for improving the health of school-age children and adolescents, a systematic review of systematic reviews (overview) was conducted. An important consideration in overviews is the degree of overlap, or the use of the same primary study in multiple included SRs. Records are being kept on students who are well (screening, immunization, and episodic health room care); and students with chronic health conditions (emergency care planning; daily treatment and response data for students with conditions such as asthma; severe allergies; seizure disorders; and Type I Diabetes). The guidance confirms that disclosures of student educational records (including certain health records) are only permitted by FERPA with the prior written consent of an eligible student or the student's parent/legal guardian (non-eligible student) or if one of the permissive exceptions to the general consent requirement applies. This initiative is dedicated to promoting development of school health programs and increasing the number of health-promoting schools, characterized by WHO as a school constantly strengthening its capacity as a healthy setting for living, learning and working [1]. This means they may be reviewed by teachers and other school ocials who have a legitimate educational interest in the information. Record and track your progress toward your health goals, such as lowering your cholesterol level. In 2015, the global means for the primary and secondary net school enrollment rates were 90% and 65%, respectively, thus the potential reach of school health services is wide [8]. Eleven SRs included studies located in countries with high-income or upper-middle income economies only [19,20,2325,2933,37,38,39]. Items 2, 3 and 4 of Ballard and Montgomerys four-item checklist for risk of bias in overviews of reviews, PLOS is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) corporation, #C2354500, based in San Francisco, California, US. 2. The significance of records management to public healthcare facilities and institutions includes operational cost reduction and elimination of duplicated overhead costs; eliminates the creation. Now, as both schools and health care systems seek to ensure that children coping with chronic conditions such as diabetes and asthma get the comprehensive, coordinated care the students need, the schools and health systems are forming partnerships to better integrate their services. As part of the records types, the academic records are known as an important asset for . This decision was made because of the vast numbers of reviews available and the increased rigor associated with the term systematic. Education on the wearing of spectacles in addition to vision screening as compared to vision screening alone did not have a significant effect [21]. In addition to SRs that did not meet these inclusion criteria, SRs were excluded if the review was superseded by a newer version. 20 SRs fulfilled all inclusion criteria and were included in this overview. State and local stakeholders are encouraged to use other data, such as youth behavior surveys and public health surveillance, to identify which health risks have the greatest impact on students. Any existing overviews or SRs of SRs that emerged from the searches were not themselves included, but the SRs within them were extracted and screened. One of the central questions of this overview was whether the school health services that are regularly delivered across the globe are evidence-based. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Retain all of your child's school accounts can help you see trends and patterns over time. Only one quasi-experimental study from the United States in 1999 was included in the SR. CDC twenty four seven. Copyright 2022 webdev. Qualified professionals such as school nurses, nurse practitioners, dentists, health educators, physicians, physician assistants, and allied health personnel provide these services. It's especially important to keep IEP and 504 plan records. A meta-analysis of two studies on sanitary pad provision found a moderate but statistically non-significant effect on school attendance. PLOS ONE promises fair, rigorous peer review, The final three SRs either did not state the locations of included studies [27,34] or provided regions rather than specific country locations [26]. Review quality was assessed using a modified Ballard and Montgomery four-item checklist. Records are being kept on students who are well (screening, immunization, and episodic health room care); and students with chronic health conditions (emergency care planning; daily treatment and response data for students with conditions such as asthma; severe allergies; seizure disorders; and Type I Diabetes). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0212603, Editor: Danuta Wasserman, Karolinska Institutet, SWEDEN, Received: February 5, 2019; Accepted: May 27, 2019; Published: June 12, 2019. Automated Records Management. The 2017 Global Accelerated Action for the Health of Adolescents (AA-HA!) The four SRs that included PRP found mixed evidence [34] or no evidence of effectiveness [19,24,28,39], bringing the popularity of this intervention into question. Saving Lives, Protecting People, Research Brief: Addressing the Needs of Students with Chronic Health Conditions: Strategies for Schools, Research Brief: Chronic Health Conditions and Academic Achievement, Fact Sheet: Health Insurance for Children: How Schools Can Help, Fact Sheet: Managing Chronic Health Conditions in Schools: The Role of the School Nurse, National Center for Medical Home Implementation School Nurses Linking with the Medical Home, Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors and Academic Grades, Tobacco Product Use Behaviors and Academic Grades, Other Health Behaviors and Academic Grades, Characteristics of an Effective Curriculum, Tips for Promoting School Employee Wellness, Physical Education Curriculum Analysis Tool, Health Education Curriculum Analysis Tool (HECAT), Body Mass Index (BMI) Measurement in Schools, Inclusive School Physical Education and Physical Activity, Physical Activity Before and After School, What School Nutrition Professionals Need to Know About COVID-19, Modifying School Spaces During Mealtimes to Reduce Spread of COVID-19, Supporting Students with Chronic Health Conditions in School-Based OST Programs, Healthy and Supportive School Environments, Strategies to Create a Healthy and Supportive School Environment, Strategies to Help Parents and Families Create Healthy and Supportive School Environments, How Families Can Support Student Health and Emotional Well-being, Toolkit for Schools: Engaging Parents to Support Student Health and Emotional Well-being, School Health Policies and Practices Study (SHPPS), e-Learning Series: Training Tools for Healthy Schools, Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program, Guide to Evaluating Professional Development, Understanding the Training of Trainers Model, Professional Development Follow-Up Support, How to Build a Training Cadre: A Step-by-Step Process, Guide to Promoting Professional Development, Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC), Encourage healthy eating in school and at home, Dental Sealants Can Improve Students Oral Health, Give Your Kids a Healthy Body and Mind This Summer, Engaging Parents to Promote Healthy Schools, Funded Nongovernmental Organizations for Healthy Schools, BAM!
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importance of school health records