Glasgow's St Mungo: Life and legacy of the man who made the city In old age, Mungo became very feeble and his chin had to be set in place with a bandage. is traditionally said to have died on January 13, 603, and was almost immediately acclaimed as a saint. Advertisement In the Life of Saint Mungo, he performed four miracles in Glasgow. Bishop Jocelyn (1174-1199) commissioned a book to promote Mungo as a saint. During his time at the monastery, Mungo became the favourite student of Saint Serf, often causing jealousy and resentment amongst his monastic peers. One dead and seven injured in Cornwall nightclub knife attack, Nurses strike continues: Major disruption for NHS services in England, Additional flight to evacuate Britons from Sudan today, Ryanair cancels 220 flights over May 1 bank holiday due to strikes, Hardcore coronation fans already camped outside Buckingham Palace, Don Robertson replaces injured Collum as referee for Rangers vs Celtic. He was regarded as a holy priest and was eventually consecrated the first bishop of Glasgow. During his time at the monastery in Culross, Mungo was left in charge of the holy fire which burned in the rectory, ensuring that the flame was not extinguished during the night. It is believed that Teneu was Scotlands first reported rape victim and unmarried mother. Wallace at Ardrossan Castle (Ayrshire Legends Collaboration). contact IPSO here, 2001-2023. Taking branches from a tree, he restarted the fire. Mungo has been applied to everything from a fireboat to a locomotive. Her furious father had her thrown from the heights of Traprain Law. Upon learning of Teneu's pregnancy, her father, King Lleuddun of Lothian, became . In Cumbernauld, there is St. Mungo's Parish Church in the centre of the New Town. Here is the tree that never grew The fish was the first to appear in 1270, joined by the bird in in 1271 and, shortly thereafter the tree, or at least a branch. St Mungo, was an apostle of the Scottish Kingdom of Strathclyde in the late sixth century. Baby Mungo somehow survived, the first of many miracles linked to Glasgows patron saint. Upon learning of Teneus pregnancy, her father, King Lleuddun of Lothian, became outraged and sentenced her to death. This gala event has grown enormously since its inception, says Stephen McKinney, spokesman for Mediaeval Glasgow Trust, which helps organise the festival. They are on the citys coat of arms, and the name St. Jan 18 The handbell, supposedly given to him by the Pope, has become a Glasgow symbol. Mungo let the oxen pulling the cart go where they wanted, and they stopped at the spot where Glasgow Cathedral now stands. She became pregnant after being raped by Owain mab Urien according to the British Library manuscript. Part boulder, part myth, part treasure, one of Europes most enigmatic artifacts will return to the global stage May 6. Ever since he settled there in the 6th century, stories of his life give him a mythical status. Here Is The Bird That Never Flew - about a Robin tamed by St Serf. Editors' Code of Practice. To approach a question 400 million years in the making, researchers turned to mudskippers, blinking fish that live partially out of water. He is a patron saint of the city of Glasgow that he founded. In Scotland he is considered a patron saint of those needing help against bullies, of those accused of infidelity, and of salmon. St Mungo, St Hilary of Poitiers | ICN Today is the feast day of Saint - Made in Scotland Tours - Facebook attests to Columba's work and miracles in the East of the country. Why is Saint Mungo the patron saint of Glasgow? STDs are at a shocking high. Saint Kentigern, byname Mungo, (born, Culross, Fifeshiredied c. 612, possibly Glasgow; feast day January 14), abbot and early Christian missionary, traditionally the first bishop of Glasgow and the evangelist of the ancient Celtic kingdom of Cumbria in southwestern Scotland. The original bell no longer exists, and a replacement, created in the 1640s, is now on display in Glasgow. Printable Catholic Saints PDFs. His association with St. Asaph in Wales may have been a Norman invention. This would later shorten to Let Glasgow Flourish becoming the motto for the city. As the knight slept the King took the ring and threw it into the River Clyde. The young Teneu was sexually assaulted by the Welsh prince Owain mab Urien, resulting in her pregnancy. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Little else is known about him except from late, dubious hagiographies. However, upon waking, Mungo noticed that the fire had gone out. These four miracles are portrayed on the current coat of arms of the city of Glasgow. Glasgow Cathedral, dedicated to St. Mungo, is the oldest church in mainland Scotland and the oldest building in Glasgow. Heres the Tree that never grew, Heres the Bird that never flew, Heres the Bell that never rang, Heres the Fish that never Swam.. The story is that he accompanied a cart carrying the body of Fergus, a holy man, looking for a burial site. Mungo placed the body in a cart and commanded two bulls to pull it to a place ordained by God. 2023 www.amarillo.com. Her dad had a change of heart and decided she was a witch instead. Our Patron | St. Columba of Iona Monastery Bishop Jocelin is an important presence in Glasgows history and will reappear later in this series. The evidence is based on the Old Welsh record Conthigirn(i). St. Kentigern Mungo - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online Such is his mystery, theres no proof St. Mungos remains are inside the cloth-covered coffin in the cathedrals crypt. This timeworn stone building hosts exhibits highlighting the many ways different religions shape local cultures. Does eating close to bedtime make you gain weight? His mother was Princess Thenog, and his grandfather Loth, king of the Votadini or Gododdin. He is said to have died in his bath, on Sunday 13 January. The young Teneu was sexually assaulted by the Welsh prince Owain mab Urien, resulting in her pregnancy. His father, Owain was a King of Rheged, who survives in the later legendary French Arthurian romances of Chrtien de Troyes as Yvain, as well as in other Arthurian stories. St. Mungo His history and influence. The most influential person in Glasgow history, he adorns its city crest, looms in its cathedral, graces street murals, and has his name on museums, schools, charities, and sports clubs. He was brought up by Saint Serf who was ministering to the Picts in that area. On another journey to the West he met with Saint Mungo, the apostle of Strathclyde. In a late 15th-century fragmentary manuscript generally called 'Lailoken and Kentigern', Mungo appears in conflict with the mad prophet, Lailoken alias Merlin. In desperation, the queen sought help from Mungo, who had a fish scooped from the river and cut it open to reveal the lost ring. His story remains a murky melange of fact and fiction. Mungo and Teneu would later become co-patron saints of the City of Glasgow. The Legends and Commemorative Celebrations of St. Kentigern, his Friends, and Disciples, https://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Kentigern_of_Glasgow&oldid=113668, Medieval Sourcebook: Jocelyn, a monk of Furness: The Life of Kentigern (Mungo). Saint Kentigern | Christian missionary | Britannica In Grinsdale, Cumbria there is a church venerated to St. Kentigern. It was accidentally killed by students who then blamed it on Mungo. His remains are said to still rest in the crypt. In Wales and England, this saint is known by his birth and baptismal name Kentigern (Welsh: Cyndeyrn). In carrying out this sentence Teneu was thrown from Traprain Law, East Lothian. People who are not Christian are aware of him through place names, streetlamps, street art and a yearly St Mungo festival celebrating Glasgow Heritage. When Thenue somehow survived, the king, now convinced his daughter was a witch, set her adrift in an oarless vessel on the nearby River Forth. Before St. Mungos death, he was visited by St. Columba, the great Apostle of Scotland, and the two conversed and exchanged staves. St Mungo suffered ill-health in later life and needed his chin to be bandaged constantly. He bore a pastoral staff, not rounded and gilded and gemmed, as may be seen nowadays, but of simple wood and merely bent. Photograph by Douglas Carr, Alamy Stock Photos. According to medieval accounts of his life, St. Kentigern's mother Teneu (St. Theneva, also Thenaw, Denyw or Dwynwen) was the daughter of the Brythonic king, Lleuddun (Latin, Leudonus), who ruled in the Haddington region of what is now Scotland, probably the Kingdom of Gododdin in the Old North. Despite living some 1,400 years ago, he remains so relevant in Glasgow each January a large festival celebrates his legacy. [8] He decided to go and appointed Saint Asaph/Asaff as Bishop of Llanelwy in his place. Rowling.[9]. We may then apply our discretion under the user terms to amend or delete comments. Ian Prior, "Kentigern, Part Three, Later Life and Repose. The Christian clerics among the people of Strathclyde and its linked kingdom of Cumbria anointed Mungo as Bishop of the new settlement, and though he tried to decline his elevation, Mungo was eventually persuaded to take up the post, ordained as such by a bishop imported from Ireland. Mungo, however, took the bird in his hand and commanded it to live, to which the Robin immediately sat up and began to sing. He is St. Mungo, the illegitimate son of an alleged witch thrown from a cliff while he was in her womb. As time went on the pair became close friends and on his death bed, Fergus told Mungo of his dying wish. Here is the fish that never swam[9]. The St Mungo healing oil is dedicated to the great Scottish saint and missionary. Glasgow Cathedral, dedicated to St. Mungo, is the oldest church in mainland Scotland and the oldest building in Glasgow. Saint Mungo according to tradition founded a number of churches during his period as hierarch of Strathclyde, of which Stobo Kirk is a notable example. His nickname, Mungo, means "dear one" or "darling." He was raised by St. Serf and be. Rhydderch Hael of Strathclyde overthrew Morken and invited Mungo to return and become Bishop of Strathclyde. Or so the story goes. Mungo, who was supposed to have been looking after the fire, found some frozen branches and prayed, causing them to burst into flames. It was nearby, in Kilmacolm, that he was visited by Saint Columba, who was at that time labouring in Strathtay. What we can learn from Chernobyl's strays. Glasgow's St Mungo and his miracles here's what we know from the The fish: This story is the most interesting. These adverts enable local businesses to get in front of their target audience the local community. Jocelin seems to have altered parts of the original life that he did not understand; while adding others, like the trip to Rome, that served his own purposes, largely the promotion of the Bishopric of Glasgow. The stories and legends may have been key factors in making Mungo beloved, but the evangelist himself probably would have preferred that people remember his saying that became the motto of his city: Let Glasgow flourish by the preaching of the Word.. On January 14, visitors to Glasgows enormous Mitchell Library can see a facsimile of Vita Kentigerni. The king actually had thrown the ring into the Clyde River, but he demanded that the queen produce it for him. Mungo's ancestry is recorded in the Bonedd y Saint. Every Glaswegian child used to be taught they possibly still are the verse to remember Mungos four miracles that are part of Glasgows coat of arms: The first miracle is that he restored a robin to life after it had been killed by his classmates; the tree was a branch of hazel that he used to re-start a fire he had allowed to go out; the bell was one he fetched from Rome which people may have been scared to ring as it was used to mark deaths. The ring was a gift from Hyddderch Hael, King of Cadzow to his wife Queen Languoreth. In reality the King had thrown it into the River Clyde. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. It was at Clas-gu that Mungo was visited by Saint Columba, who at the time was working as a missionary in central Scotland. In A.D. 528, Scottish princess Thenue became pregnant from an affair with a cousin, and her furious father had her pushed off Traprain Law peak, 18 miles east of Edinburgh. It was said to be miraculous, she says of the bell. In the Life of Saint Mungo, he performed four miracles in Glasgow. He died in 614, and was buried near the church. Duggan, Joseph J. Chronicling the saint's life, from the remarkable circumstances surrounding his birth to his lifelong quest to reinvigorate Britain's Christian culture and his pivotal role in founding the city of Glasgow, the author creates a compendium of the well-known legends surrounding . S. Mundahl-Harris has shown that Mungo's associations with St Asaph were a Norman invention. A mural on High Street in Glasgow, Scotland, depicts a modern day St. Mungo, founder and patron saint of the city. His father, Owain was a King of Rheged. fell eastwards from the apse. As founder of Glasgow, it was no less than he deserved. Saint Mungo founded a number of churches during his period as Archbishop of Strathclyde of which Stobo Kirk is a notable example. Or so the story goes. His feast day in the Eastern Orthodox Church is 14 January. The bell quickly became a notable symbol in Glasgow. By tradition, he was the son of a British princess. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Readers comments: You are personally liable for the content of any comments you upload to this website, so please act responsibly. Saint Mungo: Biography on Undiscovered Scotland His paternal grandfather Urien was an early Christian king of Rheged, in the "Old North" of Cumbria and the Lake District, celebrated in early poems attributed to the legendary bard Taliesin. She became pregnant after being raped . Mungo carried out the dying wish of his friends and travelled with the bulls until they eventually came to a stop near a small burn. On opening the fish, the ring was miraculously found inside, which allowed the Queen to clear her name. Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. His feast day in the West is 13 January. A few minutes walk north from there lies St. Mungo Museum of Religious Life and Art. David McRoberts has argued that his death in the bath is a garbled version of his collapse during a baptismal service. St Mungo, (also know as St Kentigern) was a missionary in the Brittonic Kingdom of Strathclyde in the late sixth century, and the founder and patron saint of the city of Glasgow. Built in the 1836 originally as a Church of Scotland, it has recently been restored for its 180th anniversary. Mungo's mother Teneu was a princess. We do not pre-moderate or monitor readers comments appearing on our websites, but we do post-moderate in response to complaints we receive or otherwise when a potential problem comes to our attention. According to Historic Scotland, Mungo was born at Culross, Fife, Scotland. This mysterious son of a 'witch' founded Glasgow It was said to be miraculous, she says of the bell. St. Mungo, The Foundation of Glasgow, and Four Miracles Kentigern of Glasgow - OrthodoxWiki Saint Mungo was born to Saint Teneu in 518 AD, in Culross, Fife. As a subscriber, you are shown 80% less display advertising when reading our articles. (Why Glasgow is Scotlands most exciting city right now.). Whatever the truth, his legacy is still feltand celebratedin Scotlands biggest city. Who buys lion bones? Bishop Jocelyn (1174-1199) commissioned a book to promote Mungo as a saint. Our father among the saints Kentigern of Glasgow (in Latin: Cantigernus and in Welsh: Cyndeyrn Garthwys or Kyndeyrn), also known as Saint Mungo, was a late sixth century missionary to the Brythonic Kingdom of Strathclyde. She became pregnant after being raped by Owain mab Urien, according to one source. This timeworn stone building hosts exhibits highlighting the many ways different religions shape local cultures. Baby Mungo somehow survived, the first of many miracles linked to Glasgows patron saint. This 12th-century book provides the most detailed account of St. Mungos life. She was sent up the Forth on a boat with no oars. A contemporary of St. Columba of Iona, he reposed not long after the papal Augustinian mission to Anglo-Saxon England. All of its events are free, the most popular of which are lectures on Glasgows heritage by experts in history, literature, art, and archaeology. Glasgow cathedral is dedicated to St Kentigern, also known as St Mungo the first Bishop within the ancient British kingdom of Strathclyde he is thought to have been buried here in AD 612. Haynes: The storied miracles of St. Mungo of Glasgow, Scotland - Yahoo! He is St. Mungo, the illegitimate son of an alleged witch thrown from a cliff while he was in her womb. But why do we celebrate St Mungo? It was there Fergus was interred, and Mungo established a church and a new community he named Glasgu. This chapel developed into the magnificent 12th-century Glasgow Cathedral, now the citys oldest building, which is decorated by four symbols shared with the Glasgow crest. Rays of light came from her hands and lit up the globe on which she was standing. Photograph by Rory Prior, Alamy Stock Photo. This jealousy and resentment continued to grow eventually causing Mungo to leave the monastery. St. Kentigern's Academy opened in Blackburn, West Lothian in September 1974. Each year thousands of people gather in town to celebrate his legacy during the St. Mungo Festival. While there, he undertook a pilgrimage to Rome. Saint of the Day - 13 January - Saint Kentigern "Mungo" of Glasgow (518 Details of Mungo's infirmity have a ring of authenticity about them. Axolotls and capybaras are TikTok famousis that a problem? What is St Mungo the patron saint of? - KnowledgeBurrow.com How do we reverse the trend? Miracles. If youre like me, those four lines are new to you. In Chrtien de Troyes; Burton Raffel, "The grandchildren of Lady Anne Clifford were sent to Utrecht in 1655 for the treatment of rickets and returned two years later in a man-of-war. Glasgow Cathedral and St Mungo Tomb - Sightseeing Travellers At the age of twenty-five, Mungo began his missionary labours on the Clyde, on the site of modern Glasgow. The Tree refers to an account of how he when had been left in charge of a fire in St. Serf's monastery, he fell asleep and the fire went out. His nickname, Mungo, means dear beloved, which makes sense considering the adoration he has received centuries after his death around 612. He can be reached at haynescolumn@gmail.com. His story remains a murky melange of fact and fiction. It depends. [8] In old age, Mungo became very feeble and his chin had to be set in place with a bandage. Baby Mungo somehow survived, the first of many miracles linked to Glasgow's patron saint . I dont know of another city in Europe where a [patron] saints legends are as well known, says Macquarrie. His shrine was a great centre of Christian pilgrimage until the Scottish Reformation. In Fallowfield, a suburb of the city of Manchester, a Roman Catholic church is dedicated to Saint Kentigern. Kathy and I walked by Mungos tomb, covered with a colorful cloth and a small wooden cross, in the crypt of Glasgow Cathedral. Les Glasgow quatre miracles de Saint Mungo excuts sont reprsents dans armes la ville. St. Homobonus - Saint John Institute You can visit his tomb in the lower church. Jocelin states that he rewrote the Vita from an earlier Glasgow legend and an old Gaelic document. Here Is The Fish That Never Swam - The King of Strathclyde gave his wife a ring, who then gave it to a knight. That coat of arms, which embellishes buildings throughout the city, depicts a tree, bell, robin, and salmon. The King was suspicious of his wife, believing her to be guilty of infidelity. The little-known history of the Florida panther. Also, he was the founder and patron saint of the city of Glasgow. Are you sure you want to delete this comment? These four miracles in Glasgow are represented in the city's coat of arms. If one prayed while it tolled during services, St. Kentigern would intercede.. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Mungo died on January 13, 614. 4 Remarkable miracles of St. Mungo, founder of Glasgow - Aleteia In addition to establishing a strong Christian presence on the Clyde River, where Glasgow eventually would surpass a million in population, Mungos reputation was built in part on four miracles summarized in those four never lines. The knight told Mungo, who asked a monk to catch a fish. You can make a complaint by using the report this post link . Before St. Mungo's death, he was visited by St. Columba, the great "Apostle of Scotland," and the two conversed and exchanged staves. In Scotland, he is known by the pet name Mungo. Thanks to their partnership in our mission, we reachmore than 20 million unique users per month! Mungos fledgling settlement grew, helped by the fact that he had chosen the best spot for people to cross the Clyde. There are two Cumbrian churches dedicated to St Mungo, one at Bromfield (also a well and castle) and one at Dearham. The bell, meanwhile, represents one that Mungo brought back to Glasgow from Rome, Barton explains. Death: 603. The Miracle of the Miraculous Medal His maternal grandfather, Lleuddun, was probably a King of the Gododdin; Lothian was named after him. The Vita Kentigerni had to show that he had performed miracles in his life. His most famous legend is the ring . Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. He. The Bird refers to how the saint restored life to the pet robin of St. Serf, which had been killed by some of his classmates, hoping to blame him for its death. This stone has a mysterious past beyond British coronations, Ultimate Italy: 14 ways to see the country in a new light, 6 unforgettable Italy hotels, from Lake Como to Rome, A taste of Rioja, from crispy croquettas to piquillo peppers, Trek through this stunning European wilderness, Land of the lemurs: the race to save Madagascar's sacred forests. Languoreth in turn gave the ring to one of Hydderch knights. St. Mungo was inexplicable from birth, says Alan Macquarrie, honorary research fellow of history at the University of Glasgow. (Swinburne, L. M. "Rickets and the Fairfax family receipt books", "Saint Mungo", Saint Mungo's Church, Glasgow, "St Kentigern's Episcopal Church, Dennistoun, Glasgow", "HOPE STREET ST KENTIGERN'S CHURCH (CHURCH OF SCOTLAND)", "Soup and sympathy: Mark Gould talks to Charles Fraser, chief executive of St Mungo's", "Identity and Alterity in Hagiography and the Cult of Saints", Glasgow Museums: St Mungo Museum of Religious Life and Art, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint_Mungo&oldid=1147098856, 13 January (in Orthodox Church, both 13 and 14 January), Bishop with a robin on his shoulder; holding a bell and a fish with a ring in its mouth, The Magnificent Gael [Reginald B. Hale] 1976, World Media Productions*. He built his church where the river and the Molendinar Burn merge - at a site which later became Glasgow Cathedral. Glasgow Cathedral, one of the few Scottish medieval churches to have survived the Reformation unscathed, features a stained glass window showing the four evangelistsMatthew, Mark, Luke, and Johnalong with their traditional emblems. Photograph by John McKenna, Alamy Stock Photos. Did you know you can manage your profile, and explore all of the available newsletters from GlasgowWorld within your account. The Vita Kentigerni had to show that he had performed miracles in his life. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Later, allegedly, after Penarwen died, Tenue/Thaney returned to King Owain and the pair were able to marry before King Owain met his death battling Bernicia in 597 AD. He is said to have died in his bath, on Sunday 13 January. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. ", [Fr. Mungo's mother Teneu was a princess, the daughter of King Lleuddun (Latin: Leudonus) who ruled a territory around what is now Lothian in Scotland, perhaps the kingdom of Gododdin in the Old North. He rekindled it with branches from a hazel tree that were either wet or frozen. He knight lost it, and when the king demanded to see his wifes ring, he threatened to kill her unless she showed it. The cathedral is one of two in Scotland to have survived the Reformation intact. Now held over 11 days, St. Mungo Festival offers free lectures, musical performances, and guided tours of locations linked to this holy man, also known as St. Kentigern. There seems little reason to doubt that Mungo was one of the first evangelists of Strathclyde, under the patronage of King Rhiderch Hael, and probably became the first Bishop of Glasgow. However, due to the increasing jealousy of the other boys, they put out the fire in the hope that Mungo would be punished. It provides an online and in-person "Recovery College" free to its students.[22]. He feast day is commemorated on January 14 in the Eastern Orthodox Church, and on January 13 in the West. St Mungo's Academy is a Roman Catholic, co-educational, comprehensive, secondary school located in Bridgeton, Glasgow. During her second apparition, November 27, 1830, Our Lady stood on a globe, with her feet crushing a serpent.In her hands she held a small golden globe. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. This is the bell that never rang, and this the fish that never swam., The short poem encapsulates the tall tale of a mystifying figure with a clear legacya miraculous monk who, more than a millennia later, is still helping to define Glasgow. The Glasgow coat of arms seen on the side of a trolleybus in Scotland. It was from here that Mungo would say the words Let Glasgow flourish by the preaching of his words. Stay tuned for the fish story. This newfound behavior may offer a clue to how these reptiles will respond to a warming planet. Glasgow Cathedral, one of the few Scottish medieval churches to have survived the Reformation unscathed, features a stained glass window showing the four evangelistsMatthew, Mark, Luke, and Johnalong with their traditional emblems. THE trouble with the Dark Ages is that they are very aptly named. As tourists wander Glasgow, they frequently pass an image of a gray-haired monk who, despite founding this Scottish city, remains shrouded in mystery. That would date the foundation of Glasgow to 543AD, which would appear from other evidence to be pretty accurate. The image of a salmon biting a golden ring is linked to the king of Strathclyde, who gifted his wife this jewellery, Barton says. In Falkirk, there is a St. Mungo's High School. St. Mungo's Hospital for Magical Maladies and Injuries is the primary hospital of Magical Britain in the Harry Potter series of books by J. K. I dont know its significance, but this man must have been quite zealous in spreading the gospel, and he also must have been a strong leader. [2] Other etymologies have been suggested, including British *Kintu-tigernos 'chief prince' based on the English form Kentigern, but the Old Welsh form above and Old English Cundieorn do not appear to support this.[3]. came a hermit near Glasgow, Scotland. Baby Mungo somehow survived, the first of many miracles linked to Glasgow's patron saint. Glasgow Cathedral, dedicated to St. Mungo, is the oldest church in mainland Scotland and the oldest building in Glasgow. Kentigern (Welsh Cyndeyrn Garthwys Latin Kentigernus), known as Mungo, was an apostle of the British Kingdom of Strathclyde in the late 6th century, and the founder and patron saint of the city of Glasgow.
st mungo miracles
st mungo miracles
st mungo miracles